展翅,在夕阳的轮廓里

幻想,是何等伟大的事业
将一代人卷入那空灵之中
在苏醒的时候,才发觉,
原来他们已被时间抛在了后头,成为了历史
黑格尔说得对:
密涅瓦的猫头鹰只在黄昏起飞
可叹的是,
世人只知以自己的生理年龄来判断个人思想的时辰……


2009年3月23日星期一

Conceptualizing the sociology of Singapore CL education

A conceptual proposition (assumed framework) about the ‘fields of struggle’



1. Chinese communalism versus nationhood

· The need to balance multi-racism with local needs

· Commodification of EL v.s. morals of CL

· ‘Privatization of ethnicity responsibilities’ to different racial groups (contribution to nation-building)

· SAP schools despite switch to English as first language in schools

· Historical formation of two ‘factions’ among Chinese Singaporeans

· Sociobiology and politics of race: De-emphasizing dialects through speak mandarin campaign effectively diminishes the roles of communal clans based on dialect groups, though government still appears to be ‘supportive’. Decline of the attraction of Chinese communal societies also reduces their abilities to uphold the ‘ethnic responsibilities’ they were supposed to uphold. Possible mindset: Such clans that are seen to be out-of-step with times may also lead to less attention to ‘ethnicity’ and relegates related values, customs, practices and culture to outdated or obsolete notions in the minds of young parents and children. Chinese language as ‘given’ to a gradual detachment of language competency with ethnicity.

· Talk of Chinese communal spirit but no concrete policies aimed at this, in fact watering down. Strengthening business-related organizations like Chinese Chamber of Commerce

· Apart from values that help businesses, the rest of ethno-cultural heritage is essentially shredded, attenuated or ‘conspicuously hidden or unknown’.



2. Rhetoric about CL: Transferring between forms of capital

· As a cultural capital (though still within the purview of nation-building) to economic rhetoric

· Economic prosperity as the commonplace for overcoming group interests (packaged in terms such as ‘pragmatism’ and ‘meritocracy’, which are subsequently imbibed by Singaporeans into their ‘ways of life’) + Rise of China (cultural impact much lesser than economic interests and flow of labour)

· Refer to CDA essay on LKY’s parliamentary speech.



3. Mother-tongue language policy and curriculum

*Demarcating the discipline: central content knowledge, foci of learning, connection of ideas, processes to establish new knowledge, validity of claims; connection with students’ thinking; instructional practices


· Compulsory bilingual policy: rhetoric shifting from social harmony to economic globalization

· National curricular materials

§ Retention of ‘national’ agenda e.g. racial harmony (theme & illustration)

· 1991 shared values à ‘5 main themes’ in textbook development; 2004 ‘shared values’ as curriculum framework relaxed

· Curriculum, pedagogy, evaluation

§ Change from first language to second language pedagogy

§ Shift in focus from vocabulary à language skills and thinking skills

§ No emphasis on ‘cultural or ethnic identity’

§ Chinese culture as a ‘static’ pool of resources to be acquired, but often seen as lacking in context and hence relegated or water-downed to inculcation of morals based on Confucianism (dominant learning objectives of anecdotes as ‘acquisitive’ Confucian moral values rather than ‘cultural literacy’)

§ ‘Mainstream’ instead of transformative: Acquisition instead of inquisition;



Apple, M: Hegemony and resistance in curriculum (‘technicality’)

· Stratification and differentiation:

§ Elitism and CL ‘B’-zero sum game

§ Building on the declining and increasingly diverse state of CL competencies, there is greater incorporation of stratification in the form of emphasis on different ‘language skills’. At primary level, weaker students need to only know how to listen and speak, average students to read, better students to write (LKY’s logic). At the secondary level, various forms of streaming, with the freeing up of Higher CL criteria gradually seen as an ‘escapade’ from learning the language at AO level

§ Chinese elites taking curriculum with ambiguity in definition of ‘culture’, who are learning about contemporary China through China studies, bicultural programme which focus more on systems than tradition and thoughts


“The tendency of most state curriculum documents is to attempt a set of ‘overlays,’, or grids, that can verify or guide supra-KLA coverage of various ‘core skills,’ ‘values,’ or ‘orientations.’ Hence, we find teachers and schools grappling to grid issues of ‘identity,’ ‘futures,’ and ‘literacy across the curriculum’ across their already atomized syllabi and work programs. What this means is that the soft, less-rationalized skills or knowledge outcomes, becomes part of a subordinate grid of curriculum specification.” (Luke, 2005, p. 22) This eventually leads to dilemmas about educated and formed identities.



4. Educated and formed identities

· A spectrum of concerns:

§ Teachers: Dilemma how to posit their roles in CL education, but generally agreeing that students lack inner motivation and genuine interest

§ Parents: Spectrum from ‘getting out’ mentality (request for abolition of exams) to concerns about declining moral standards that accompany decline in language

§ Students: Rejection of Chinese identity (rare); Hate CL from P1, language competency not seen as an essential part of ethnicity; learning CL as a natural thing but not much room left for possible means of ‘identity-seeking’ and ‘cultural feedback’; no comparison of what it means to be a descendant of a Chinese immigrant, Singaporean Chinese and PRC Chinese that focuses on common roots and substantial differences in thinking modes

· Concerns of the transitory phase

§ Morals and language: Reverse impact of a failed CL planning policy on the beliefs and morals of Chinese Singaporean citizens

§ Difficulties of an integrated code for CL and EL (recognizing ‘language transfer’ but hurdles in mindsets)

§ Effectively diminishing the communal notion in favour of an ‘international perspective’ – even for good students, ethnic identity may not be easily feedbacked

§ Leading to possible other concerns and effects with individualization, immigration (shallow notions of citizenship; ‘us’ v.s. ‘them’ for new immigrants from PRC)

§ Language education policies of tracking that lead to school-mediated forms of privileges (Bourdieu cultural capital)


What does it mean to be Chinese – are there differences culturally and ethnicallyWill the complexities of being part of the ‘Chinese Diaspora’ return to haunt Singapore-born Chinese? Is there a fundamental strife between nationhood and communal interests? Are race and ethnicity going to become negligible, if not then how should CL education position itself such that it serves national interests of unity without attenuating cultural knowledge to serve political ends or turned into unpalatable forms of acquired, static, unquestioning propaganda or indoctrination of values? Lastly, and most importantly, what are the identities future Chinese children in Singapore (including locally-born and new immigrants) will have to grapple with, and how can we possibly foreground or scaffold the dilemmas involved?



© Tan Wei Xiong, 2009

2009年3月21日星期六

《不眠》

24岁因罕见的泡状软组织肿瘤病逝的台湾作词家杨明学,生前写的:

7点10分清晨时分
慵懒的气氛
睡不着醒不了
我又失了魂
我苦坐着望着日轮
却以为是黄昏
鸟鸣莺声让我回神
才发现已经过了一生

浮浮沉沉假假真真
为谁辛苦为谁认真
为何努力为何牺牲
拼了再拼忍了又忍
还是欲望这种本能
会让人忘了有多心疼
只是不知无论如何
到了最后还不是一个人

到了最后才发现不是一个人

3·21 International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

2009年3月21日。披着白纱的香港,婀娜中带点冷冷的清高。

思绪还在沉淀,照片还在整理。过些时日,再po肤色各异的学生在尖沙咀钟楼前尽情玩乐的场景记录。

虽然冥火亦可照亮人间,孩子们却有权利在天堂中欢乐。做大人的,有时也不知能做些什么,甚至不知该做些什么。

所以,只好做他们的一匹旋转木马。


《旋木》
作词:杨明学
作曲:袁惟仁
编曲:黄中岳

拥有华丽的外表和绚烂的灯光
我是匹旋转木马身在这天堂
只为了满足孩子的梦想
爬到我背上就带你去翱翔
我忘了只能原地奔跑的那忧伤
我也忘了自己是永远被锁上
不管我能够陪你有多长
至少能让你幻想与我飞翔

奔驰的木马让你忘了伤
在这一个供应欢笑的天堂
看着他们的羡慕眼光
不需放我在心上
旋转的木马没有翅膀
但却能够带着你到处飞翔
音乐停下来你将离场
我也只能这样

2009年3月20日星期五

上海的石库门

在上海四年,总觉得这是一座“浮在空中”的无根城市,本质特性就是流动性,因此无法在台北、香港、首尔或东京那样,感受上海的心跳。从另一个角度看,现实或文学中那种"小资"的怀旧情调,也因总被人批评为“把上海的小片断无限放大”,显得虚假,因此我对其也有所芥蒂。

不过,大学四年的最后一个学期,竟让我误打误撞地参与了卢湾区政府发起的石库门生活形态调查项目。几个月的考察中,与同学们走访了黄陂南路的尚贤坊、复兴中路的志成坊、泰康路的田子坊、陕西南路的步高里等二、三十年代建起来的石库门,与居住在里头已五六十年的老人进行访谈,才真正明白上海历史的丰富性。

提起“石库门”,来过上海的人,大多应该会联想到酒吧林立的新天地。其实,石库门远不只是一个象征上海文化的空壳标志。这种特殊的建筑,实际上是伴随上海租界的展而逐步成型的。例如,只要看看属于旧法租界的重庆路一带市区的卫星地图就能通过石库门的分布状况与整体设计,理解法国人如何在将原本是河道交错的荒地上,分阶段开发并管理租界。

而在“大历史”之外,我想,最引起我兴趣的问题在于,民国初期住在石库门里的,是哪些人?他们的生活方式如何?而当中国经历抗战、解放、文革乃至改革开放,石库门里的人,是否如王安忆《长恨歌》中的王琦瑶,在自己的天地里寻觅一片不过多受政治干扰的天地?

我印象很深,初次进行调查时,我们访问的老人,最年轻72岁,最老的88岁,除了普通话与上海话外,全都能说一口流利英语或法语。其中,有的是以前在教会学校受教育一位是革之后努力拚到上外学英语。也就是所,最早的石库门,很多的住客是中层阶级。这些人3040代,大多是书香门第,而且很多来自宁波。由于在国民党的统治下,通货膨胀厉害,买米得带一麻袋的纸币,因此早期住户大多是以金条买下石库门单位。

朋友称这些老人为“老上海的最后一批精神贵族”,我觉得不为过。

生活形态方面,我们会发现,马桶至今是石库门住户必不可少的生活用品。因为,石库门兴建的二、三十年代,并没有设厕所,更没有安装排便管道。不是当时没技术,而是那时大家习惯用自家的马桶。甚至结婚时,嫁妆中也有马桶,里面放2个红鸡蛋,象征早生贵子。现在排粪管也已经放不进去了,于是现在的石库门里,大家还是用自己的马桶,早上去公共厕所倒掉冲洗。可想而知,现代人只有是怨声载道…

解放之后,一切都收归国有,大家有使用权但没有物权,所以不爱护房子。文革时候,以前的地主与那些知识分子不是下乡就是被批斗。于是,石库门的风光逐渐黯淡。今天,许多石库门已经破旧不堪,是上海市中心的定时炸弹,一旦着火,救火车也进不去。但是,它的价值,在于它提供那些外地来上海打工的人一个便宜的栖身之所。上海市中心的繁华,真正的中坚力量,就是这些石库门里的人。

听着这些老人们叙述往日的繁华,再看到目前的现状,我心中有种不能平复的惆怅。时过境迁,本是常态。但当自己站在一个历史记忆彻底消失的末端,会有一种感慨,希望能做些什么,后悔没有早一些认识到上海的美。说真的,我不知道,什么才是保留石库门风貌的最佳方式,因为像新天地、田子坊的文物保留方式,显然不是最理想的策略。

上海啊……现在可以理解,为什么它能够勾起“历史浪漫主义”了。面对虚浮和丑陋的眼下之现实,靠幻想重构历史的繁华,虽然有些虚伪,但也许只有这样,现代人才能进入一种语境,与这华丽得不行的城市,展开一次坦诚的对话,并留下细水长流的情结。


(文章曾刊登于新加坡《联合早报》“新声带”。照片由复旦兄弟姐妹们提供,在此感谢。)

2009年3月19日星期四





Every new born child is a message from God that he has not lost faith in man.

- Tagore

2009年3月17日星期二




对待一个人最温柔的方式,
就是将他/她当成孩子一样呵护。

“三生教育”

我一向不反对、甚至主张教育(特别是中学至大学教育)里,融入哲学性质的内容。有些想法,也有些困惑,在此坦诚布公:

1)无需把苏格拉底这些人带进来,却必须在适当时采用苏格拉底对话式的教学法。开始有自我意识到年轻人,虽然不能说可以完全摆脱“灌输”,但同时也是需要激发他们发自内在的疑问与思考的。

2)中学阶段的内容不一定要深奥,却可以像罗素的《幸福之路》(The Conquest of Happiness)那样,深入浅出,又发人深省。

3)但因为我们脑子里有一个“种族”的划分模式,而确实不同宗教与种族之间对待生命的方法亦不尽相同,加上越来越多元化的外来移民群体,课程的内容设置应该如何,将会是个需要斟酌的大问题。新加坡政府总习惯性地把儒家视为一种“中性”、“非宗教”(况且还有“和而不同”的精神)的普世价值,于是请了余英时、杜维明等学者于80年代末,为我们精心设计一套国家的“共同价值观”。而那些虽然印在了学生的作业本后的封面,却很少有人会再去提起。而确确实实,尽管、在中国政治思想史上具有正统地位,儒家哲学并不能是“生命的全部”。何况,儒家内部多少掺杂了道家与释家的思想因子,这对哲学体系内部所必然具有的理性矛盾与局限,有所帮助,却不是新加坡所说的“儒家”。于是,我们的“儒家”难免容易带有意识形态的影子;但如果把于中国历史上形成的儒家带进课堂,便是硬生生地表明这是属于“华人”的,于是必将带来其他群体更大的反应。

4)再者,与第三点有所联系的是,生命教育要归入哪一个科目的问题。我们有“公民与道德”课,却因不必考试而容易被忽略;而且常常是一些灌输性质的内容,大多采用单向教学以获取”知识”的方式进行。因此,生命教育归入这个科目,未必妥当。归入中文科,一则教师负担变重,二则华社依旧对中文教育有自身的价值立场,三则受众有所局限(生命教育本不应是有人种区分的)。融入各种科目里,又容易是其被各学科的内容掩盖。作为学校自身的课程或是一种氛围来塑造学生思想,是一条可能的出路,但校长与老师们必然得回到第三点所提出的矛盾中进行探索与尝试。

5)当然,最后的方法,就是不去把问题“体制化”,通过师者的身教、言教以及他们与学生之间的互动,来进行生命教育。但是,姑且不论不“体制化”所可能有的局限,问题是,教师与学生之间的关系,也逐渐地被框起来。教师被投诉“宣教”或是“非礼学生”的报道,时有所闻;社会与舆论更是要求教师与学生保持若即若离的关系。于是,教师如何去解决内在的个人地位,是一个必须先面对的问题。其次,师资是否具有那种教授生命教育与反思的能力,也是值得质疑的。只要是人,必将不断在生命中遇到新困难、新事物。教师比起学生,本只是“吃盐比你吃米多”,却也有学生碰到教师从未遇见过的人生问题的情况。而且,教师个人反思的程度也有所不同,于是并不一定就能提供全面性的帮助。

而如果想着把一切问题都归于“心理辅导”,那是一种不恰当的做法,在我看来。

于是,要“推展”任何与生命有关的教学,必得正面迎接这以上种种难点。哲学可以是纯知识的,但因必须化为个人价值,而在成年之前,孩子经常是必须受制于他所属于的群体文化、思想、道德立场的束缚。我们首先要解决的问题也许是,某些族群的文化开始在孩子那里被视为不cool,而孩子越来越早在思想上产生对自身被灌输的文化的质疑。或许,这句话高估了我们孩子的能力,但无法否认的是,在台面上我们可以以“不说”、“不想”、“不辩论”、“不反思”的姿态前进,但21世纪的新加坡孩子,不可能不去想(我们不是还教他们要“创意思维”吗);而且,即使不想,全球化的时代,只要一踏出新加坡,随之而来的必将是个人多重身份的危机意识。这是经验之谈,其普遍性固然能够商榷,但相信我,问题是存在的。


【联合早报】积极推展“三生教育”

(2009-03-17)

● 王永炳

  最近,三名年轻人的轻生事件,令人痛心与惋惜。他们都是奖学金得主的高材生,但却为了不同原因而断然结束前途不可限量的可贵生命。

  这让笔者想及青少年的情商教育,而个人认为应该积极推展“三生教育”,才能提高个人的情商质量。

  所谓“三生教育”是道德教育中的生命教育、生存教育与生活教育的简称。

   生命教育旨在了解生命,进而尊重、珍惜和发展生命。南戏《琵琶记》有一段曲文,形象地描述小生命的诞生及其成长过程:“凡人养子,最是十月怀耽苦,更三 年劳役抱负。休言他受湿推干,万千劳事。真个千般爱惜,千般爱护。儿有些不安,父母忧惶无措。直待他可了,可了欢忻似初。”

  养子过程古今一样,这也是父母的天职。他们珍惜生命的可贵,无私地付出全部心力维护生命的成长。

  道德教育须让学生了解生命成长的意义,使他们懂得尊重和珍惜自己的生命。首要让学生对自己的生命负责,有如婴儿时期父母对子女的负责。

  一个对生命负责的学生肯定会体会“身体发肤,受之父母,不敢毁伤”(《孝经》)是对自己和对父母负责的孝敬行为。他不会做出“好勇斗狠,以危父母”(《孟子》),也不会因“一朝之忿,忘其身,以及其亲”。

  发展至尊重别人的生命时,他的德行不会停留在低水平而做出“爱之欲其生,恶之欲其死”(以上《论语》)同归于尽的糊涂事。

脱离电玩的“魔”掌

要尊重、珍惜生命得学会生存。在今日竞争激烈时代,学习并掌握生存之道显得非常重要。从小训练学生自己的事自己做,碰到难题设法解决,使他们自动学习和掌握生存知识和技能,逐个儿克服难关。

  父母与师长最多只能从旁协助指导他们克服难关,而非代劳。从小凡事依赖父母,一旦离开父母身边,他可能无法很好地生存下去。

  想办法让青少年学会了解自我,接受自我,把握自我,不做盲目的攀比。在自我定位上敢于面对现实,学会穷变自强。

  因为他会明白一个道理,客观环境难于调控,但只要有信心地进行主观的努力,问题最终可以迎刃而解。有了这种思想心理准备,以后遇到任何困境,他都不会畏缩不前,也不轻言放弃。

  但是,要学会生存必须学会生活。换言之,生活是生存的基础。健康的生活能使生存变得坚强而有意义。

  一名亚细安奖学金得主原来学业成绩优异,后因沉迷电玩“魔兽世界”而成绩下降而丢失奖学金,最后连命也丢了。《尚书》所谓“玩物丧志”就是这个意思。

  《新明日报》记者叶伟强亲述他如何挣脱魔兽世界的经历(3月9日),令人不寒而栗,我们为他的脱离魔掌而庆幸。

  学习生活讲求规律,认真于读书学习,尽情于休闲运动,二者要取得平衡。有了平衡的学习生活,学习上可能变得应付自如,游刃有余,身心上也健康顺适,乐观进取。

  尊重生命,学会生存,懂得生活的“三生教育”,各有重点,但密不可分,三者融合为一,才算得上成功。

  “三生教育”必须从家庭教育开始,进一步在学校教育中加强,同时配合社会舆论力量使之巩固。

作者是本地资深教育工作者

2009年3月15日星期日

中国农村的孩子

记得毕业之前的某一个晚上,跟鑫兄一起在光华楼的咖啡厅闲聊,从摄影、谈到教育、再论及梦想,说着说着就扯到了城乡发展、农民工子女、留守儿童、发展中的文化与道德流失、基层师资素质等一系列与“社会正义”有关的课题上。

大学四年,在中国看到的当然很多,滋润着灵魂的却是地广物博的农村,以及农村来的人。不说别的,最好的兄弟们都来自村落,尽管发展程度不尽相同。而从大一就与之结下缘分的云南,从04至08年,我更是每年至少造访一次,每次都是在昆明市逗留一天,隔天一早朋友租车,开几个小时到县城,吃了午餐后就出发前往不同的乡。有时抵达后,太阳已下山,于是不得不留宿,在寂静的夜里,望着满天星斗,遥想着各种各样与人道主义有关的问题与矛盾,时而激起心海的浪涛,时而感觉如同眼前漆黑一片的迷茫,时而体验凉风中某种莫言的荒芜。但挥之不去的,却是对见过的孩子的思念,以及对即将遇见的孩子的期盼。

在中国助养孩子上学,从来就不只是钱的问题。频繁的书信来往,偶尔让我惊喜的长途电话,让我这个心智未必成熟的大学生,得以透析这些高中生的人生取向、思想矛盾、以及心灵深处的压抑与孤单:独自在离家十几公里的县城上课,因被寄予厚望而对课业成绩的起伏战战兢兢;强忍着同学的耻笑,有时忍无可忍而爆发,到了夜里却觉得自己鲁莽的行为是可耻的,流着泪写忏悔信给在千里之外的“大哥哥”,向我倾诉内心的罪恶感;为了存钱给家里,有时一天就吃一顿饭,把我给他们的零用钱存起来,假期带回家,却遭到父母的一顿斥骂,乃至拷打,责备他们为何不好好念书,在气头上甚至说出“你看不起爸妈我们是不是”的话,或是质疑那笔钱的来历。

总觉得,我接触过的中国孩子们,小小年纪必须承受的痛与苦,是我始料未及的。于是,每一次到农村去,找个地方与他们私下聊,不论他们或是我,最后总是眼泛泪光。但身为“哥哥”,怎样也得保持微笑,就如信中不论如何都说着鼓励的话。离别的拥抱,总感觉他们紧紧地钻入自己的怀里,在无言里却传达了很多很多。

孩子们都有我的照片,我却从来没与他们合照。或许,在我的心灵深处,不愿拍下他们眼神里的失落,而始终盼望他们长大,期待他们在各自的岗位上出人头地,带着微笑回来找他们的“炜雄哥哥”的一天。也许,到了那个时候,我才能毫无顾忌地跟他们合照留念吧。


留守儿童留出问题

(2009-03-15)

● 张晓中

  屈维微(女,11岁)是重庆市梁平县文化镇英利育才小学的返乡生,今年春节前,第一次回到故乡。

  在浙江玉环县出生长大的她,一直跟随打工的父母在外地上学。今年春节前,妈妈带她回到家乡,在当地小学读书。春节后,妈妈再回到浙江,与爸爸继续在外打工,屈维微留在家乡跟随爷爷,成为留守儿童。

  日前,在她就读的英利育才小学,屈维微细声告诉记者:“我不喜欢这里(农村的家),很脏。可是妈妈告诉我,只有回老家才能上正规中学,所以必须回来。”

  今年春节前,伴随2200万农民工返乡的,还有上百万名子女,这些返乡生加入了中国农村6000万留守儿童的庞大队伍中。春节后很多父母回到城里打工,他们成了新一批的留守儿童。

农村学生

留守儿童占70%

  英利育才小学校长徐光兵表示,70%以上的农村学生是留守儿童,他们长期与父母分离,造成性格闭塞、不活跃、郁郁寡欢。由于没有家人辅导功课,他们的学习成绩也令人担忧。

  留守儿童一般上由祖父母看管。年迈祖父母文化水平很低,很多是文盲,只能协助孙儿女的吃穿,但在辅导功课方面无能为力。

  记者在教室看到屈维微时,她一个人静静地坐在坐位上,望向窗外。刚刚开学一周,她对环境及其他同学都感到陌生。

自从去年12月随妈妈回乡,她就在适应新的环境和生活。与浙江相比,梁平县老家各方面都显得落后。她最不适应的是生活和学习环境。

  她说:“爷爷家在偏僻的乡村,开始非常不习惯,觉得到处都很脏。现在妈妈走了,我就帮助爷爷洗衣服,整理家务,让家里干净整洁些。”

  换了学习环境,她也需要适应。幸好,学校是地震后重建的,课室宽大明亮,还有塑胶跑道的操场,比她在浙江的学校要好很多。

  她说:“我在浙江上的学校是给农民工子弟开的,条件很差;教室拥挤,很旧,也没有操场。老师(水平)也没有这里好。

  “现在我不太开心,但不会埋怨父母。他们送我回来是想让我多学知识,上个正规的好中学。”

  想爸爸妈妈时,怎么办?她答:“爷爷家里安装了电话,想爸爸妈妈和弟弟时,我就给他们打电话。妈妈也经常打电话问我学校的事情,鼓励我好好学习,照顾好爷爷。

户籍政策规定

在户口所在地上中学

  与屈维微相比,于云涛(男,12岁)则很高兴回乡上学。去年,他跟父母到广东东莞上学,才上了一年,就因为经济危机导致大批玩具厂倒闭,妈妈失业,年底就随母亲回乡。

  如今,他回到原来的小学,与以前的同学一起学习,是件开心的事。他告诉记者,广东小学语文(中文)课本与重庆一样,但是数学的程度比重庆要深一些。

过几天,他妈妈又要回东莞找工作。问他想不想跟妈妈一起去,他说:“不想。还是这里的学校比较好。老师和同学我也熟悉,明天就要考中学了,中学只有在重庆我才能上正规学校。”

  受访的小学五年级、六年级返乡生回故乡上学的原因不同,但有一点是相同的,那就是因为中国户籍政策,学生只能在户口所在地上中学,因此,农民工子女必须回乡上中学。

  记者从学校方面了解到,因为外省与重庆使用的教材不同,学习进度不一样,因此回乡后,返乡生必须尽快补上没学过的内容以迎头赶上;其次,返乡生的学习质量较差,因为没有家庭辅导,他们作业完成的情况都不好。

种田兼照顾孙子

农村老人非常辛苦

  记者来到于云涛的家,这里离学校大约10公里,每天早上5点钟,他就必须起床,步行近40分钟到学校。采访当天下起毛毛雨,记者沿着泥泞小路从大路步行10分钟,才来到他的外公外婆家。

  在一座破旧的房屋门口,于云涛的外祖父李培德(67岁)正坐在凳子上抽烟袋,门口有一男、一女两个小童是他的外孙和孙女。目前,他和老伴照料两个外孙和一个孙女;孙儿女们的父母都在外面打工。

  李培德说,农村老人命苦,孩子大了原本可以享福了,没想到孩子都外出打工,把孙子留在家里,他和老伴一边要种田,一边还要照顾孙子,非常辛苦,但也无奈。

农民工妈妈打工赚钱

将来供孩子上大学

于云涛的母亲李善美(36岁)在深圳打工多年,去年把儿子带到东莞上学。她说,带儿子到广东,主要是想让他看看父母在外打工很辛苦,让他珍惜钱。让她欣慰的是,儿子很懂事,不乱花钱,也很自立,很小就自己步行到学校。

  她说:“看到孩子冬天拿着手电筒在黑漆漆的外面步行上学,很心疼。但为了学知识,孩子必须上学。我们到外面打工赚钱,如果孩子有出息,将来可以供他上大学。”

  她生了于云涛一年后就到深圳打工,去年回来生了第二个儿子,虽然被罚款近2万元人民币(4500新元),但她还是觉得值得。她说:“我第二个其实想要个女儿,没想到又生了一个儿子。大儿子现在有个伴了。”

  中国推行独生子女制度,但在农村,人们普遍还是生两个孩子。但因生育第二个孩子抵触计划生育的规定,一般都得缴交罚款,罚款的数目因地而异。

  李善美说,再过几天,她就要再回到东莞找工。丈夫还在那里的一家玩具厂工作。会担心找不到工作吗?她笑着答说:“我的要求不高,只要和老公在一起,能挣多少是多少。实在不行,我就给他做饭。呆在家里没事做,还不如出去打工。”

留守儿童性格有缺陷

重庆市梁平县文化镇英利育才小学校长徐光兵说,光凭外表就能看出谁是留守儿童。“他们一般都比较闭塞、不活跃、跟人交流少、不乐观、不合群。”

  他说,目前农村小学70%以上的学生是留守儿童,长期与父母分离,有些很多年都没有见过父母,因此造成他们性格方面的缺陷。

  留守儿童一般上由祖父母看管,徐校长说:“每次开家长会,来的都是爷爷、奶奶,很少看到父母。我们跟他们介绍孩子的情况,有些人都听不懂。”

  他认为,在父母身边长大的孩子和留守儿童的区别非常明显。“两个孩子走在一起,一看就知道谁是留守儿童。父母在跟前的孩子,他们的习惯比较好,性格开朗些,喜欢与人交流,胆子比较大。”

造成留守儿童性格缺陷的另一个因素就是:老人不懂得如何教育下一辈。“管严了怕孩子父母说,因此老人们对孙子辈一般都是放纵、宠爱,使得这些留守儿童整天沉溺在游戏里,做事不考虑后果。”

  徐光兵表示,政府意识到这个问题的严重性,正计划实行农村小学寄宿制。但要实行寄宿制,首先农村小学就必须有宿舍,但现在绝大多数小学没有宿舍。

  英利育才小学前身是文化镇中心小学,在去年四川大地震中被震垮,由重庆房地产企业英利捐资1000万人民币(约225万新元)重建。现在的小学建有学生宿舍。

  徐光兵说:“我们很想利用现有的宿舍,让留守儿童住校,这样一来,老师在晚上可以辅导他们作业,照顾他们的生活。但是现在小学没有负责生活老师的名额,我们还在跟教委商量如何解决。”

  他希望出外打工的家长,最好留一个人在家照顾孩子。“现在学生教育缺失了家庭教育这个部分。如果家长能留下一个照顾孩子,对于他们的身心健康和成长都有很大帮助。”

  梁平县教委基教科欧阳科长表示,现在除了留守儿童令人担心,返乡学生的学习质量也令人忧心。“基础教育影响人的一生,家长要对孩子转学问题慎重对待。不是万不得已,不要给孩子转学,毕竟学生要熟悉一个新的学习环境需要时间,这对他们的学习时间来说是一种浪费。”

2009年3月14日星期六

我也想搞音乐剧

师门里有一位博士生,曾是香港考评局中文组的组长,目前是一所中学的副校长。校庆四十周年,学校自编自导自演了一出英语音乐剧 “The Wondrous Taste of Life”。刚到理工大学观赏了回到家,突然好想好想也召集一批孩子一起来搞一次大型的音乐剧。

想想,我最后一次搞戏剧,也已是快10年前的事了。13岁时第一次参加中学校庆的舞台剧,不想出现在幕前,所以最后当上了stage manager。15岁时,学校组团去澳洲表演,老师们临时把我也拉了进去,就这样再一次糊里糊涂地当上stage manager,随团到Adelaide交流,还跟资深的幕后工作者学了点灯光、音响的处理。

音乐剧,比起舞台剧也许困难得多。不单要演,还要唱,不是容易的事。看着香港的孩子们在舞台上演着、舞着、唱着,自己的嘴角一直是向上轻微杨着的。学生们的英语咬字,或许有时并不清楚,或是过于努力地想把每一个字都念好,难免就有点不自然,但要有今天这样的水准,绝对是下了很大一番努力的。特别是几名主角唱起歌时,明显都有歌唱功底。印象最深的,一名个子估计1米6不到的中二演员,唱起歌却是后劲十足,那丹田的力道,绝不是盖的。可塑之材啊~

演出结束,大人们总喜欢说许许多多“很用心”、“很感动”的话。但也许,这一切都比不上校长和一些小演员们的泪。估计,那比什么都珍贵。校园演出,从来就不追求完美;看的,是孩子们付出的那些时间和精力,以及在一切结束之后的释怀,加上因一些小瑕疵而产生的微弱遗憾。毕竟,成就感的时效是很短暂的,付出的努力和承受的不完美,才是日后记忆里影响最深的。努力过了,就有所成长——对我自己是这样,相信对这些付出了半年时间的孩子,亦是如此。

期待什么时候有机会,再次重温自己少年时期的美好,并带着更多的孩子,在音乐、肢体、语言交会的艺术世界里,共同成长,一起翱翔。

2009年3月13日星期五

《伊甸园之东》主题曲

真是越听越爱,特别是了解剧情之后。骨肉,血缘,真是有震撼的力量。

如果有来世

作为一个相信佛教的人,就如释迦牟尼主张的那样,除了普世伦理与“法身”的延续之外,我已不再相信有“灵魂再循环”的那种来世。

然而,那种来世却是浪漫的。就算是光幻想,也是纯美的,让人能轻易意识自己究竟珍惜的是什么。

所以,总想着,如果下一刻在死亡线上徘徊,我会对谁说“来世我们还要……”的话。

也许,有很多很多吧。但第一个窜进脑海的,总是那令人又爱又怜的弟弟。

都说“血浓于水”,但血缘与骨肉,也有亲近疏远之分。所以,要问我的话,我想,至少到现在,除了那有些半吊在空中的“博爱梦想”之外,应该说就是为了弟弟而活的。

是的,我们也会吵架。最后的一次,竟是为了一点微不足道的事,却是让我伤心得边写博客边流泪的。不单是弟弟的错,我也有不对的地方。但是,却真的感到,兄弟之间的感情,即使有小小的裂缝,都是撕心裂肺的伤。

是的,我应该不再那么自私的。是时候尊重弟弟的一切选择了,毕竟你也已成年了。该放手了,虽然灵魂里始终视你为那穿着尿布趴在床上张着嘴嬉笑向我爬来的幼婴。

要爱就爱吧,哥不再反对什么了。什么时候带她出来一起吃饭,让我跟她道歉,顺便了解她多一点。

说到最后,也就这样一句了:翰,来世我们还要做兄弟。

这一次,你来当那八面威风的哥哥,让我甘之如饴地依偎于你的身影之中,慢慢学会坚强。

2009年3月11日星期三

生日快乐

祝福你哦,鑫。

收到我昨晚发的电邮信件后,告诉我一声。=)

"Managing" critical and creative thinking

Very often, we hear about the need to infuse "critical thinking" and "creativity" among our students. Yet research has always been on whether these can be taught, and if researchers believe so, how to incorporate them into pedagogy.

What we have seemed to forget, however, is that when one thinks, one needs to be situated in a context. Not necessarily a task or problem to be resolved (so don't bring "task-based learning" or "problem-based learning" into the equation too loosely), but in a context.

Teachers seem to lack a background belief in the ultimate aims of such forms of education (now I'm doing some hedging here because assertions need to be backed by empirical or qualitative evidence).

We have somehow forgotten to teach our children how to use such thinking appropriately. As such, they begin to launch attacks against traditions and regulations that bind their wandering souls. The quest for a voice starts to tickle their hearts but one wonders if deep down they are really passionate about issues, never mind if their opinions may still be tender or their considerations partial. In areas where we need such criticality or creativity, such as R&D, entrepreneurship, social activism etc, many (I wouldn't say all, since there are bound to be - fortunately- exceptions) children instead grow up into adults who learn to avoid and evade.

Risks, that's what we are afraid of. The same applies for our children.

Critical and creative thinking thus need a more holistic, comprehensive and long-term programme to develop children into real 'owners' of the 21st century. The scale is still skewed towards 'people for nation's growth', and it is time we begin to look from societal consensus that overpowers public participation, to first focusing on the identities and internal dilemmas of every individual. Only with this is then 'positive conflict' a possibility, and then hopefully communities of people come together in a showing of collective activism. The key here is to tolerate some mild imperfections and conflicts, instead of trying to stick with old ways because they have proven effective in the past. Even viruses mutate, what more people and societies.

What this requires, however, is a government that is even stronger and more shrewd, so that it is able to manage tensions (again, manage not suppress or avoid) and still play a leading role amongst the people and such groups. For the moment we lack such a government, we risk becoming the next Hong Kong where the Chief Executive ends up having bananas thrown at him in Parliament while the whole society is just like a big marketplace where you hear a whole mass of noises but never really know who's saying what, except if they are close enough.

As a disclaimer, let me add that this is a long-term projection, an ideal that can be classed as 'Utopian' if you would like. But this seems like an inevitable direction to head towards, for even if the government can maintain status quo and keep the country in a harmonious ambience, global forces will jerk it out of its beautiful dreams. In this age of the Internet, this age of internationalisation and global economic demands, we cannot avoid the evolution of thoughts since that is how society progresses - or for that matter, without fast-enough response to changing circumstances, falters.

2009年3月10日星期二

兄弟

心照不宣。

Education and the Marketplace II

Received this letter from a friend I've known for almost a decade:

Allow me to add salt onto wounds: Do you know how I see schools, or rather, education system? It is merely a 'factory' of some sort, transforming raw materials (young children) into finished goods (marketable, or rather, employable adults for today's marketplace). The more the school systems fails to meet market demand, the free market forces of supply and demand will ultimately win and displaces the original inflexible education system. And by then, the harder the backlash onto that education system.

Let me ask you, if a certain type of raw materials is not that suitable in making a particular finished goods, do you just grade them into EM1/2/3, just to conform to your original inflexible production line? No! You find out what that certain type of raw material is good in making, modify/change your production line and make them into good finished goods. However, what is sad is many production lines are too standardised (maybe in an effort to achieve maximum efficiency). Maybe that is still ok during the early days of Singapore's independence where the focus is in producing engineers to transform us from a 3rd world country to a 1st world country. However, in this 21st century, that 'business' model may no longer be meeting today's globalised market demand.

Hence, what I propose is this 'factory' takes into account the type of raw materials they are dealing with and putting them into correct use. That will generate greater economic benefits on the long-term. Of course, I don't believe in allowing complete free market forces to choose their wishes either. In this sense, a suitable amount of governmental regulation would be needed. Total free market forces tends to generate either excessive or inadequate supply and demand at times. For instance, back in 2007, banking and finance course was at the top of the wish list, where every student dreamt of landing that five figure investment job upon graduation. But now, you know that bubble has just burst. And in 2009, civil service jobs like teaching (and along with it, NIE courses) is nearing the top of the list soon..

My point is this: Our school education system must always anticipates tomorrow's (future) needs of the market and serves it dutifully. However, the system must not caters to each and every insatiable desires and wants of the market blindly. In this process of ongoing adjustment, not every student will be happy but it surely does maximises the potential on the whole. This is what we must aim for.

To emphasize what I might have said in the past, there are two forms of education that must be strengthened (and not fool around with) in schools. 1. Physical education. It should be broadened to include life-long heath management education and physical health crisis management like CPR. You won't want to wait for the population and public health budget time bomb to balloon dangerously like those of Americans before you take action. 2. Financial education. Like it or not, everyone is born to play the game of money. And you don't pretend the financial problems of your people are all solved with something called "CPF". Enough bullshiting in this paragraph, I know those people at M*E HQ never listens.

And long live those entrepreneurs who gave back to society. They are finally making themselves heard by some. They want to be change agents of the society and are letting money do the walking (for unless you are at the HQ, who ever pays attention to you?) So far, I am glad by the way their money have positively uplifted the lifes of many.


My reply:

Well at a policy level, all that you've said makes a lot of sense. In fact, this is the trend everywhere under globalization. That's how we have 'knowledge economies', and that's why education is moving towards 'skills-based education' and 'lifelong learning'. What I do not agree, however, is that we are too 'standardized'. Things have changed in the past few years, and certainly polys and even ITEs are producing students with good skills. Streaming may still be in place, but it is paradoxically not obsolete because in order to 'make the best use' of all the raw materials, you have to make sure they are the most suitable materials for the products they will become. The only problem is when we really stigmatize them and see them as inferior all the way. That will eventually lead to social classes and social imobility. For that reason, teachers and the whole education system cannot afford to see children as goods or materials. Hence the 'shaping the future' metaphor. Moreover, I think 2009 really showed that the world is changing, and we really don't know what can happen in the future, eg jobs creation. Singapore has come to a stage where we try to anticipate future demands but cannot be sure our projections will be right beyond 5 yrs. But education is a long-term investment, and we cannot change things abruptly because the whole system will screw up. I am a critique of the system myself, but compared to HK, compared to China, I think we are going in the right direction of diversification, and I believe MOE will continue moving forward.

Your opinions about health education and financial education are valid. But I have my reservations about the latter, at least the stage at which we push out financial education. If you ask me, high school (JC or poly) or even university is better. Because, as you should know, when you introduce such 'high-level' stuff in the public school system, it can be watered down to very dry knowledge. In this new day and age, I would say that economics is one subject we can try having more kids do. But as I found out recently, exposing children to money knowledge too early may have its adverse effects too. Children, being children, have a right to enjoy their childhood and teenage-hood. We've never learnt financial modules, but we are not unhappy. At the end of the day, I don't foresee the system introducing the technicalities of finance - at least not before university. Instead, I would rather focus on the roots of human nature and behaviour, which I'm sure you also know is fundamentally what determines market dynamics. The challenge here as an educator is to prepare children for the marketplace, but at the same time to allow them more reflxivity into their own beliefs and identities. That may be my stand as someone who did a degree in the Arts and now doing a Masters in social sciences, but I believe that in this new era, making money is not the real problem for children born in the 21st century. Finding out who they are, what they believe, their value systems - all of which ultimately feedback into how the society will be like and how political forces work in tandem with the folks, are where the tensions will arise. The stint in HK made me accept the influence of market forces on the education system, but at the same time, it also all the more strengthened my beliefs that education is ultimately about humans and how we perceive ourselves as individuals and our place in society (and the world). Right now, I do see that Singaporeans of our generation have got relevant skills to meet the challenges of the global market - at least for the top 30% or so. But what we lack is really the ability to deal with our changing thoughts and beliefs which may or may not be different from our parents' generation (now here's a dual paradox: If they are different, we have to learn to accept and then look back to try and ascertain who we are; if they are the same we also have to worry whether those values and beliefs are obsolete and if they can be integrated into the whole societal fabric).

So if you ask me, I will strengthen social studies, introduce basic philosophy and revamp moral and national education. Put in tandem with knowledge about the market and physical education, that's how we 'create' a post-modern version of ancient Greek society - of sorts.

Yes, long live the entrepreneurs who give back the wealth they created so ppl like me can deliver value. At least for 华社, I believe the business community still has an important role to play in education. In fact, I have been thinking these days what a new model of ’新‘ 华社 will look like in a few decades to come (Haha.. nice name right.. New Chinese community + Singapore chinese community).

In Singapore, we have many many people who can give ideas and suggestions to the education system from the perspective of the market's needs, but not enough people who think about what the new global economy will do to the 'soft' aspects of our society. A key question I have been pondering and will continue to bear in mind is this: How is society possible in Singapore under the challenges of economic and cultural globalization?The way I see it, this question incorporates all that we have discussed, but focuses on the person, not the market - which I still believe is fundamentally a product of human behaviour, as have been shown by the financial upheaval this time round. Our government prides itself for being pragmatic and non-ideological, but in my opinion, this is the rhetoric most detrimental to our society if we over-interpret it and place too much focus on just economic and financial forces. Singapore IS at a cross-roads, not because of the current recession, but because we need deeper roots. The same issue goes for the new immigrants: The marketplace, which once was a neutral arena free from race and cultural differences and that could make all equal, is now working in the disadvantages of the new entrants into our society. That is because new immigrants are perceived to be here for the gold. And you do realize that most of the time problems arise because of job opportunities isn't it?What we really need now is a re-balance of social forces, something which is beyond the market. The national integration council is thus also a move in the right direction, except I seriously doubt its effectiveness. If you ask me, we need more civil societies. But that's a whole big separate issue altogether, so let's leave the discussion till our next meetup.

甘地的名言

First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win. -Mahatma Ghandi

2009年3月9日星期一

中国的精神病

曾有朋友问我,在中国,还有什么领域是未开发的。我很清楚地记得,当时自己不假思索的回答是:心理咨询与治疗。

我很尊重心理学这个学科,但也许是受福柯的影响,我对“精神病”却有种莫名的排斥。心理学让我们有反观自我、进行自我认识与表述的视野,“精神病”却容易牵涉权力与造就某种不平等。换句话说,这里牵涉到是个体意识与群体关系的区别。也许,这也是为何提倡“和谐”与
人际关系的亚洲社会,从来没有办法很好地接受精神病理的原因之一。毕竟,要让精神治疗成为社会普遍接受的行为,牵涉到是全社会内在对于个体与群体的整体信仰基础。

但是,从我在上海和云南参与社区服务的经验来看,确实是有许多的人,包括青少年,需要某种心理的开导,乃至药物控制的精神病治疗。我就曾遇见过一个上海的青 年,3个月不出家门一步,就只愿躲在房里打游戏,而且还对母亲有暴力的行为。他是需要药物控制暴力行为的(就如我在印度时接触过患有bipolar disorder的人,发作时完全无法控制自我的情绪与行为,甚至会无缘无故地伤害自己心爱的孩子)。不过,更重要的,也许是人与人之间真挚的关怀,才能 辅助药物的作用。毕竟,说到底,精神是什么
? 不外是意志力的强与弱。

中国欠缺的,便是对不同问题、不同群体足够的关怀。幅员辽阔,问题必然多。问题一多,为了要稳定,有时就必须把一些问题转化为”理所当然“,却在这个过程中
压抑个 体的心灵需要。我云南的孩子里,有多少位是心灵有裂痕乃至创伤的,很难说;放大到全中国的农村,有多少孩子是被逼着成长的,更是难以估计。而当社会事事讲 究”和谐“时,就容易出现将差异淡化的做法——政治、民族、文化、社会、教育、权益等等。差异太多,容易造就西方世界的cultural politics of differences;但不能让差异浮现,就只会造成压迫,酝酿”反动“的情绪,到了某个成熟的历史点,必将反弹而造成更严重的社会问题。西藏问题是如此,恐怖主义也一样。

当 然,中国文化里有某种西方思想中缺少的因素,只要政治上有足够精明和睿智的领导人,就能充当润滑剂,或是突发事件的shock absorbers。但是,一代新人换旧人,作为潜流的问题并不一定会因时间推移而消解。于是,便有历史上的改朝换代,也有社会的解体与重新整合。


【联合早报】中国有一亿精神病患 最年轻者仅八岁

(2009-03-09)

(北京讯)正在北京参加两会的中国全国政协委员、
人民解放军总医院副院长范利指出,根据中国卫生部疾控中心今年初的统计,中国有心理问题和精神疾病的人口比例高达7%,总数超过1亿人。

  据中新社报道,范利在接受该社记者专访时还指出,中国有这么多的心理和精神病患者,但是全国的心理疾病防治机构与人员都严重匮乏,希望政府”对此要高度关注”。

  她说,中国正处于社会转型期,各种社会矛盾增多,竞争压力加大,工作节奏加速,以及重大灾害、经济危机等因素,是造成患病人群庞大的原因。

  据她介绍,中国心理疾病还呈现年轻化发病的趋势,最小的只有8岁。当前中国儿童精神问题的患病率,已经超过了国际上15%至20%的平均水平。

  范利指出,心理精神健康是全民族素质的标志之一,如此高发的心理问题与精神疾病,已成为影响中国社会和谐的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。

  她说,截至2005年,中国精神疾病医疗机构只有572家,有精神科床位13万2881张,注册精神科医师1万6383人。

  按此计算,中国平均精神科床位密度为每万人1.04张,平均10万人才有一个精神科医生。这与中国“小康社会”十大标准中规定每千人中有一个心理咨询师的要求相差甚远。

  为此,范利提出了“推行全民心理健康计划”的建议。她建议全社会共同参与“国民心理健康工程”;进行心理精神疾病普查以及重点科研攻关;规范专业教学和专职培训;建立高危人群心理干预机制和心理救援机制。

骨肉

我从没忘记,我还有个血脉相连的妹妹。只不过,我常常会不经意地把这事置于脑后。

《伊甸园之东》,似乎在令人动容时,也让我有些揪心。

骨肉分离这回事,我到现在还未能真正体会其痛楚。不过,长大了才明白,为何当时爸妈会为了把妹妹过继给伯父或阿姨而水火不容。

也许,命运总是难以预料的。当初的抉择,如果稍有更变,我的人生可能就此不同。

日后,长辈们曾经的决定,会对我们这代人和我们的后代意味着什么,估计只能等待时间的揭晓了。

不过,此刻,我好像为了没彻底尽到做哥哥的义务而有些歉疚。对弟弟是如此,对一年多没见上一面或说过一句话(即使是MSN)的妹妹,更是加倍地感到无地自容……

2009年3月8日星期日

《禮儀師の奏鳴曲》電影預告

期待ing……

Education and the Marketplace

香港让我开始意识到,原来公开考试和不断的分流,并非一定就如民主主义和自由主义所鼓吹的那样,必须一面倒地被否定。

至少,在心智上,孩子能够沉浸在属于他们的世界里,沿着读书为了考试、考试为了进入更高程度的学府、获得文凭为了找工作、找工作为了赚钱等逻辑线条一步步前进,而不是一下子就被灌输“读书=为了赚钱”的心态,然后像香港的一些“三流”(Band 3)学校的孩子那样,说出“政府规定我坐在这教室里”的话。

文科出生的人,经常有种奇怪的心态,会有意无意地把市场和经济(Marketplace)有某种排斥的心理,犹如时刻处于戒备状态,生怕那职场上的血腥污秽了自己的天真。做老师的,在一定程度上也可能有着类似的心态,把“传道”与“解惑”置于“授业”之前。但是,由经济整合带来的全球化,使教育也无可避免地必须去正视市场、正视经济、正视职场。

于是,在我诸多关心的课题中,又出现了Education and the Marketplace这一个很重大的“空白”,必须再去了解并深入评价其对我作为教师的影响。估计搞清楚了这个问题,对于其他什么语言、文化、道德、价值观、身份认同的问题,也就会连带地产生更透彻的理解。

但愿如此。

2009年3月5日星期四

人非圣贤,孰能无过

你相信,人总有善的一面吗?

我真的觉得,没有谁是不能救的,特别是小孩和青少年。

长期以来,我其实很向往去监狱学校教书。还有,到感化院去了解那些孩子。

但我缺少的,是一份强悍。

我应该学点功夫,至少打起架来时可以自保。

那样,我也就无需害怕黑社会,也就可以去慢慢进入这些孩子的世界。

或许,我真的有些疯了吧。但我始终相信,

没有教不好的孩子,只有不被人信任亦不信任人的孩子。

可偏偏这社会总把条规定得死死的。也许,有时那确实是对我们自身的保障,

但希望不会因此而失掉任何一个孩子。

很多时候,别人的孩子总比自己的容易接近,容易理解

毕竟,有距离感才能看到纯真的美;太多的利害关系,反而使亲情变成负担。

至少,成长期的孩子,很多是这样的。

梦,说起来容易,做起来则困难重重,

但既然曾经成功地走入一些孩子的心,如今看他们逐渐成熟,找到自己的梦

当护士,当赌场职员,还有,想开地铁

总担心我会取笑他们,而我却觉得,那些毕竟是decent jobs

孩子会吃惊的,当你支持他们的时候。而他们也会因此得到信心。

也许如此,我也应该让我弟弟做他自己的选择,

虽然我除了在一件事情上强烈反对过,也并没有真正想束缚他的自由。

可能,我不应该把自己的期望强加在他身上;

而且,就连那唯一一件我凭直觉去反对他的事,最后也可能证明我是错的。

但如果说,我这辈子有一个梦,

那,便是把自己置于炼狱之中。

原来,我的心中早已活着一只等待涅磐的火凤凰。

Rain makes the heart grow fonder

哗啦啦啦啦下雨了~~

喜欢雨天,滴滴答答。逼不得已放慢速度,看着雨水沿着路边往下破流,有另一番解脱的感觉。

原来,樱花正盛开着,我却很少注意。跟她们对上眼的时候,花瓣却慢慢被狂风扫落。

好尴尬。就像自己在最窘迫的情况下被暗恋的人看到一样。

雨季,容易想起很多,唱起《如果你还爱我》。心头,却已经不知痛是什么滋味。

仿佛洗去了一切尘垢,灵魂,真是极清爽一下~~

2009年3月3日星期二

安息吧

21岁南大印尼学生,刺伤毕业论文导师,然后割脉,在大学内摔死。

初步判断,该学生因奖学金月前被终止,误认导师为“幕后黑手”,恼羞成怒。

据悉,该学生多2个月就本科毕业。如今,却留下蓄意伤人后自寻短见的臭名。

也许,社会会慢慢忘记他。也很庆幸,大家并没有过于谴责那名学生的行为。

只是,真的真的,很可惜。

可能,他要的,不过是那一点慰藉,一个能听他倾诉的朋友;

也许,他想通过死达到的,只是从大家的伤心与惋惜中,印证自己的存在,以此获得某种迟来的意义。

这都是我的猜测,是我自我经验的投射。但是,人都总会有这一步,只有打击足够严重,足够翻天覆地。

或许,这是令人不齿的懦弱。可有些时候,人免不了自怜,因为只有这样,才能让自己从压力中暂时释放。自杀,总是过度的自我放纵,以至于抵抗不了死神的诱惑。

因此,并没有对错,也没有谁对谁错。只希望,从我生命里走过的每一个人,不论是长辈、知己、朋友、晚辈、学生,若被世人抛弃,在被死神吸引前的最后一刻,记得至少还有我。也愿我不会忘了爱我的人的存在。

当耳朵能够听到天堂的乐符,就不必到地狱去聆听安眠曲。

Death God on the peripherals

接连的死讯,都是身边长辈的亲人与好友,与我无直接关系。可死神站在田野边,何时才会找上锄禾的农夫?

在泥中走着,留下一个个的脚印;却来一阵细雨,微微将它们擦去。

当太阳再次出来时,已有新芽的两片小叶,可爱地在向天际的白云挥手……


“You can shed tears that she is gone,
or you can smile because she has lived.
You can close your eyes and pray that she'll come back,
or you can open your eyes and see all she's left.
Your heart can be empty because you can't see her,
or you can be full of the love you shared.
You can turn your back on tomorrow and live yesterday,
or you can be happy for tomorrow because of yesterday.
You can remember her only that she is gone,
or you can cherish her memory and let it live on.
You can cry and close your mind,
be empty and turn your back.
Or you can do what she'd want:
smile, open your eyes, love and go on.”
——David Harkins

2009年3月2日星期一

我算什么

近来也许论文写多了,理性细胞用得七七八八,所以博客就决定释放那些感性的因子,免得它们通通混到我的睡眠中,让我做噩梦……

知道吗,我最近终于感受到,原来我的公共身份,有点像那些现代的“偶像歌手”(虽然我不是偶像):受人崇拜,却必须依赖那些崇拜者的惠顾,专辑才会卖,自己才能凭销售量做一个称职的偶像。

也许,以同样的角度看待教学,看待公共服务,会令一些人感到不适,甚至不啻。然而,我真的觉得,当我主张要“还”给孩子们(这里专指发育期阶段的青少年)他们的权利与“声音”时,这样的想法,未曾不好。有人会觉得,孩子们毕竟年少,思想尚未成熟,不能赋予他们太多的自由,充其量只能在形式上给予他们表面的敷衍。但我倒觉得,正如我们花钱买专辑,其实是被当代流行文化主宰一样,身为师长的我们,其实在双方的关系中,还是偏向主导性的。只不过,我们得让孩子觉得,他们具有选择权,并且心甘情愿地依据他们的意愿把票投给你,喜欢你的课。至于公共政策,难免无法八面玲珑,但基本的关系,其实也应该是如此。

在这关系之中,权力与义务,是和谐地调配并存的。

开始慢慢意识到,中国文化那种“融会贯通”、“和而不同”的精神底子,其实并非完全的糟粕。西方最特别的,就是总容易偏向极端,觉得只有极端、争执、反叛,才可能出新招,社会才可能进步。但我觉得,那是要看“历史阶段”的。当然,这实际上就回到了鲁迅近一百年前思考过的问题。而在我们当下依旧被相同的问题困扰着时,我们就应该知道,扎得深的东西,或许需要更新,但能够流入我们民族的血液里,就证明它有某种潜能。若要我说出那是什么,只能说是有点类似“以静观动”、“上善若水”了。

唉,说好不理性的,终究无法做到。也难怪学弟会说,我的感性总带着知性……

Quote of the day

我对古人的这些作品研读越久,对他们的景仰和爱慕也就越深。研究古典诗词并不是我追求的目标,而是支持我走过忧患的一种力量。经常有人问我,读古典诗词有什么用?我告诉大家,学习古典诗词,最大的好处就是让我们的心灵不死!

——南开大学中华古典文化研究所所长、加拿大皇家学会院士叶嘉莹

(比较文学课提到过的学者,朋友们,还记得吗……透过她的著作,总觉得她是一名具有亲和力的学者,有点像于丹,但中西诗学的底子强得不得了)

2009年2月28日星期六

儿时梦

小时候,我真的觉得,“打报告”三个字听起来很酷
不知是因为没有电脑,所以键盘滴滴答答的声音听起来特别悦耳
还是觉得,能够“打报告”的人,就总是有着饱满的知识

小时候,我总会去保护还只会啼哭的妹妹
不让她那幼小的脸庞
被那有点暴力倾向、刚学走路的弟弟拍打

小时候,我立志要当老师
因为,总觉得那是我的天职
仿佛从出生那天起,就肩负着某种传播爱与知识的责任
因为被爱过,也珍惜过所有的爱

小时候,我总幻想着发明一个所有孩子都喜欢的游戏
却总是玩着弹珠,或是如厕时把厕纸弄湿然后捏成骰子的形状
甚至,曾经把一只大蝴蝶在家中产下的卵,放在装着水的透明塑料罐中
并天天期盼着生出毛毛虫

小时候,总喜欢在计算器上不断地按那将数字成倍计算的钮
知道屏幕呈现无数的999999999999999
数学卷子,却总是没办法在限定时间内完成

小时候,我看电视,喜欢上了云南的孩子
立志长大后要到偏远的山区教书
住上一阵子,在淳朴的笑容和拥抱中成就我自己

长大后,有些事情,彻底忘记了
有些事情,玩成了却没有预期的满足
还有些事情,做着却完全不知道意义在哪里

多少的儿时梦,尘封并上锁在心中
而我们却在现代社会中,带着一双蒙蔽的眼睛
让自己化为一堆粘土,被硬邦邦的莫名力量拍打扭捏
以成为软趴趴、站不稳的泥人而感到自豪
仿佛我们就不曾存在过

2009年2月27日星期五

兄弟在博客上谈的照片,勾起我的“写作欲”,于是胡乱写了一通:

知道吗,伞是很有意思的东西,但在我看来,理由跟你不一样。

我只是觉得,当你一个人提着伞在雨中漫步时,它是你唯一的伴侣,也是唯一会在雨中唱歌给你听的朋友。

当你和另一个人,特别是爱人共用一把伞时,那之间则有纯纯淡淡的趣味。小雨中,为另一伴心甘情愿地淋湿袖子;大雨中,反正有没有伞都是湿的,就索性来一场争夺。

我和允旋的故事里,有很多小小段与伞有关的故事:握着她的手的时候;送她回家的时候;谈论我们感情淡化的时候;在大雨中玩闹的场景;还有,冒着雨骑车去东门买玫瑰花的时候……

好玩的,总是她的大伞遮着我的小伞那种情况。

而伞,是雨天与陌生人“亲密接触”的契机。很多伞的时候,或是面对面走来并在狭窄的行人道上擦肩而过时,“刷”一声,你的伞碰到我的伞。在那一瞬间,人与人有着0.1秒的缘分。

照片可以勾起回忆,可以把人引入另一个世界。你可以说,解读在于每个人自己,所以你选择只有影没有声。然而,你自己最真挚的解读和感触,你自己又要怎么表现出来,如果你不用文字?

有时,美真的不需要语言,也难以被语言捕捉。但是,那总是稍纵即逝。照片希图将某个时间点定格,但这定格的时空的前后时空,又如何表达? 观者看到照片的那瞬间,本身的过去和未来又如何? 这是两个层面,却都脱离不了时间。而且,这其实和绘画理论异曲同工,我觉得。

所以,我总觉得,照片虽然是空间艺术,但其灵魂,脱离不了时间。这就牵连生命、历史等等等。也许,当我们都看透时间的本质和特质,我们就看到了自己的理想如何主宰灵魂和感情,也就看到了存在本身。海德格尔究竟写了什么样的《存在与时间》,我不知道;但这是我自己的领悟。

热切期盼的一本书

诺贝尔经济奖得主Amartya Sen目前在撰写一本新书,名为“The Idea Of Justice”。根据《海峡时报》对新书内容的预告,我有理由相信,这是我今年必定购买的书之一。

很喜欢访谈中的一句话:当你有改变现状的能力时,你有义务去想你应该做些什么(Whenever you have the power to make a difference, you have an obligation to think what you ought to do)。很多时候,我们畏惧谈及所被赋予的“权力”,因为潜意识中,那总和oppression有着某种亲缘关系。但是,一旦获得了权力,就真的有义务去思考某种能够让社会前进的方法,哪怕自己的影响力再小,哪怕自己与任何人一样都具有无限的局限性。这世界不会因你一个人说什么而翻天覆地,但至少,路边那朵不起眼的小花,能够因你的呵护而开得更灿烂。也许,这也就是我此刻对于自我定位的理解。

其实,任何的人,都可以做一个尽责的公民,只不过是我们愿不愿意而已。毕竟,社会有太多的不平等,而我们虽然会自认为“不平等”的受害方,但遥想那不远处没钱吃饭的一个孩子,我们真不能做些什么
? 期待政府来喂饱他,有何异于涸辙枯鱼?

--------

Affable and engaging, he added that the best thing Singapore can do to bolster its future is to ask: 'What can we do here which would be better for Singapore?'

Indeed, he was certain that Singaporeans could play 'a very important part' in global public reasoning, by which he meant fostering open dialogue 'to lead the world to a more safe and just place'.

Public reasoning is, in fact, at the core of the book he is writing now. Titled The Idea Of Justice, it examines how to get everyone to behave reasonably and make a difference to others 'without bringing in the obligation of power'.

He does so by rejecting the centuries- old social contract theory, which he finds limiting because it frames one's obligations as being conditional upon others fulfilling theirs. But, he demanded, how does one explain the many other crucial moral duties, such as that of a mother towards her children? 'There are duties you have to do no matter what is being done to you. But whenever you have the power to make a difference, you have an obligation to think what you ought to do.'

His other quarrel with the social contract theory is that it aims for a perfect state which, again, he found unrealistic. 'You have to judge things in a different way. (You have to ask:) 'Is it more just than that?' Whereas the contract approach is to say: 'Is it perfectly just?''

Prof Sen wants to urge everyone everywhere to abandon the idea of perfect states, and focus instead on enhancing justice. And he said the current economic crisis 'is a marvellous opportunity to re-examine policies'.

'Libertarian Paternalism'

I was rattling on and on over MSN to Mr. Bird about sociological terms, and suddenly he threw up a term that didn't seem difficult to comprehend at face value: 'libertarian paternalism'.

So being a new-age fossil of the cyberworld I headed to the 'state of the art' website a.k.a Google and searched it. I shan't go into the specifics, except that this is a term from behavioural economics.

Now all of a sudden I began having the urge to rattle again, like a rattle-snake that feels endangered - though not sure by what ominous forces out there, so I wrote the following to Bird to thank him for his inspiration to his 'intellectual entertainer' aka Me:

Interesting notion they have there, using an oxymoron of sorts to frame understanding of conflicting selves (now isn't this so similar to the notion of finding out our own 'identities' - who we are - which keep evolving over time), especially in an age of Reason overdose where we usually end up in logical antimony. But I'd wish they take the concept further, and try testing it as a theoretical proposition for sociology and political studies. I mean, if we simply return to this stage of societal transition in Singapore, aren't we often 'torn apart' by how we practise 'self-censorship' in the things we say? On one hand we wonder if we are being brainwashed by political hegemony; on the other we feel that is the best way to achieve functionalist notions of 'social cohesion and stability'. Any 'critical' Singaporean will end up in such a state that can be paradoxical at times, more so for a civil servant-to-be. It boils down to the same line of argument they had in the movie 'The Duchess': Is there such a thing as 'limited freedom'? Realize that 'libertarian paternalism' is somewhat the other side of a coin, at least in terminology. I think nowadays they've come to embrace complexity theories and reject notions that one can forecast and project possibilities of the future through linear deductions.. But my brain is still not capable of that so I shall stick to what I believe and see for now. At the end, I think where the government leads us will still be key. Power or otherwise, without dictatorship I think Singaporeans will still be pretty well off living in paradoxes as above which they'll seldom care about when they are engrossed in the superficial aspects of life. What is generally scary about young people, though, is that they easily reject whole-sale pretty everything in a logical chain when they are not happy with one element in that chain. Not happy with PAP, so everything the government says, they start looking for loopholes and reacts with sacarsm that is pretty 'kopi-tiam' in nature, except it spills over into the cyberworld. Scary thing if this trend spreads faster than educational policies can deal with it, isn't it.. How fast does it take to foster a 'comment and click' mentality, as opposed to an educational programme for teachers' guidance? Moreover, teens no longer want to listen to their elders, isn't it.. Unless those elders 'clique' with what they think and then gradually make them aware of the drawbacks of 'click' without responsibility.

I know, or at least hope, that our think-tanks are doing something to help resolve the dilemmas I see that are forming the undercurrents of change and call for greater 'liberalization' in our society. Functionalism, conflict theory, critical theory.. None seems sophisticated enough in this day and age - or is it that I have been unconsciously 'interpellated' into the post-modern discourse? Yet deep down I know that I am being pragmatic, and precisely because of pragmatism, I have absolutely no idea how to propose solutions to all these social trends that are constituting the reality I see. Perhaps, we do need more crises to pull people together, just like the recession happening at this moment. Yet, we cannot possibly starve people because we don't want them to think about higher-level needs. So, a return to Power that is more intricate, a power that is 'libertarian paternalistic' - or which at least appears to be so even to the discerning minds? Perhaps, but can we find politicians with that level of tact and sophistication? The new Cabinet members don't seem to give me that impression, yet.

2009年2月26日星期四

Reset mode

一种熟悉的味道,一种似曾相识的情景
一种冰凉寒气轻贴肌肤的触感
回来香港一个多月,课也都快结束了,我才有渐渐回到正轨上的知觉
很奇妙
仿佛是今昔路过去年凋零的紫荆树
而不知那含苞待放的新芽,是故人,还是新知……
也许,这就是时间的美妙
谁说人不能两次踏入同一条河内。

2009年2月24日星期二

世間有阿母惜的囝仔尚好命

江蕙-落雨聲
詞:方文山 曲:周杰倫

落雨聲 哪親像一條歌 誰知影 阮越頭嘸敢聽
異鄉的我 一個人起畏寒 寂寞的雨聲 捶阮心肝
人孤單 像斷翅的鳥只 飛袂行 咁講是阮的命
故鄉的山 永遠攏站置遐 阮的心晟只有講乎山來聽

來到故鄉的海岸 景色猶原攏總無變化
當初離開是為啥 你若問阮阮心肝就疼

你若欲友孝世大嘸免等好額 世間有阿母惜的囝仔尚好命
嘸通等成功欲來接阿母住 阿母啊 已經無置遐
你若欲友孝世大嘸免等好額 世間有阿母惜的囝仔尚好命
出社會走闖塊甲人拼輸贏 為著啥 家己嘸知影
你若欲友孝世大嘸免等好額 世間有阿母惜的囝仔尚好命
嘸通等成功欲來接阿母住 阿母啊 已經無置遐
哭出聲 無人惜命命

A paragraph I like

Read this paragraph in a book, and fell in love with it. I guess in an indirect way it has captured the essence of my internal dilemma - of being a civil servant-to-be and a independent columnist; of knowing the constraints of our Singaporean system while sensing the need for (radical) change in mindsets; of having to convince but not rejecting the possibility of 'positive' censorship of the truth (if there is such a thing); and of hoping to be 'free' while having to employ the use of 'unseen' power in Foucaultian style...

"Taught by the Frankfurt School of the psychically and socially, aesthetically and sexually destructive force of particular regimes of capital; offered a bleaker postwar version of the self by philosophic and literary existentialism; taught by Foucaultians about the impossibility of escape from normative discourses; and taught by postcolonialists and indigenous writers about the genocidal force of those phenomena that purported to know truth, justice and science, it is no surprise that many of us appear to be allergic to normativity, clinging to the necessary but somewhat safer intellectual haven of critique, and reluctant to get our hands dirty with the sticky matter of what educationally is to be done in these difficult conditions."
(From Allan Luke, "Curriculum, Ethics, Metanarrative", p. 23. In "Struggle over Differences: Curriculum, Texts and Pedagogy in the Asia-Pacific".)

2009年2月20日星期五

The best of times, the worst of times

我从未深刻理解狄更斯《双城记》的开场白,直到最近。

这里,转载五篇《联合早报》的评论文章。讨论的中心,围绕三个主题:德育、华文教学、以及中国学习新加坡经验的反思。没有一样不与我有关,而我虽然没有答案,却知道其中的很多观点都只是冰山一角。

德育的问题,不在于教不教《弟子规》,而是“道德”本身在新加坡语境中究竟指什么;“修身”是否真是自内而外,以“性善”为导向,抑或因法律和社会条文而长期以来在“性恶”的哲学基础上运作;以及,究竟作为“小学”的道德,在我们当下的现实中,是否就真局限于小学生;对于中学生,高中生,随着他们接触的事情多了,思想也更成熟了,我们又如何为他们在道德和自我规范的领域内设置反思的空间……如此等等,竟无人谈论,不知是不敢谈,还是根本就没了解这一点。也许,这也正是《早报》慢慢与年轻人脱节的原因,也正是我所谓的“道学气过盛”,虽然还未僵死。当然,也可能,我们需要再挖得深一些,了解新加坡目前使用的这一套服务企业化和本地政治体制的“儒家传统”,自80年代被一群西方白皮肤老头子“发明”出来后,究竟对华社所推崇的、扎根于中国几年内传统的儒家思想,造成了什么样的影响。

语言教学问题,我们已经迈前了一步,但相信我吧,各位,优质的教学法绝对无法解决语言水平下降的趋势,至多只是将其步伐放慢。理由很简单:华文的学习缺乏内在动力。从现象的层面,这很容易理解:离开学校,步出社会后,基本上不需要华文华语,除非你在中国有“切身利益”。但我们也正因为总停留在这个层面,所以最后就在现象上饶圈圈。问题的实质,难道不是这样:语言已经和作为华人的身份认同逐渐脱节了。我的华文好不好,并不改变我是否作为华人的“事实”。其背后还暗藏着我们对race(种族)和ethnicity(民族)的混淆,而这种扎根于“血脉”的定位,是政府为国民精心设计的。于是,失去方言,甚至,失去华文,越来越不算件大事,因为既然作为华人的身份是生理决定的“既定事实”,就无需过分依赖“文化”(好公民课的“道德”除外),也就不需要“载道”的“文”来让我了解自己是谁。这也就是造成“华人就应该学华语”的逻辑论点逐步瓦解、迈向“华语cool”、“通商中国”这类符合新加坡“企业化”导向的华文推行与教学现象的本质原因。当然,要回到上述论述中,进一步挖掘其背后的原因和结果,是可以的;但那就已经足以我写一篇博士论文,所以就暂且打住。

至于中国学习新加坡的经验,其实就一句话:官员不能肤浅,研究机构不能无知。我和你都是黄皮肤,但我比你早学吃辣椒,所以我的消化系统已经适应了那种外来刺激;你现在开始吃辣椒,不去让自己的肠胃适应辣椒的特质,而试图为我的消化系统是怎么适应的,甚至要把我的消化系统借来用,最后不就不伦不类吗……中国的骨子里对西方经验是抗拒的,特别到了当下后现代,西方社会出现种种社会问题和思想错乱,更是让中国抗拒借鉴西方模式。但新加坡能给中国的,真的就是那么一点,拿玩就完了。我最多能教你的,不外是如何不去咬最辛辣的部位,但那之后,你必须自己吃吃看,然后自我调适!中国那一大批一大批的教授、博士、知识分子,难道就是培养出来充数的吗?是不是,连这重视“传统”的泱泱大国,也已经畏惧面对自己的历史,特别是西学东渐的那些片段

--------------------------------

德育教学法应该活泼生动

(2009-02-20)

沈文凤

  道德教育的目的是要灌输正确的价值观,教导正确的行为习惯。要培养优秀、杰出的人,不可以忽略了德育这一项。

  学校的教科书有"好公民"、"道德教育"等,也有安排课堂教学时间。不过,不少学校在许多时候都没有认真地给学生上课,有的公民道德课被利用来补课;因此一些家长会发现学生们的好公民课本就像是几乎从未翻阅似的,和新书没两样。

  "学好三年,学坏三天",对于良好的行为习惯,都得花上好长一段时间才会培养成,教导学生正确的思想价值观念并不是轻而易举的工作。说教方式令人厌烦,学生难免会有"你很烦,很讨厌"的感觉。

  现在本地的小孩,已难以令他们用"背诵强记"的方法来学习道德准则。就算能令他们把道德法规背诵得朗朗上口又如何?可能他们背诵的道德准则并不了解,那么德育的灌输仍然形同虚设。

   要展开德育,言教身教缺一不可,相辅相成。通过实际的例子来教导会更实际有效。在教学的过程中,配合了图片、影片、表演、讨论的方式、做组别计划报告 等,远比"背记"方式有效。生活中的一些实例,也可以引进让学生们讨论、分析,作出正确的判断,如:有人乱丢垃圾被判牢改和罚款,再犯……,有人热心助 人,有人在禁烟区内抽烟,有子女抛弃年老的父母……

  家庭教育起着举足轻重的作用。小孩从小耳闻目睹的情境,许多行为习惯就这样自然形成的。父母的言教身教可说是"入门"和"开锁",试想想:你告诉孩子不可抽烟,而自己又在他们面前抽,你说孩子怎不心中萌生疑问:为什么爸爸说不能抽烟,却自己又抽烟呢?

  枯燥乏味的东西再以死板板的方式去传递,变成是强行记忆教条,孩子心中是否接受,难以确知,也许还会产生反效果呢?

  有些小孩阅读的图书,内容是"好的习惯","好的行为","怎么做个好孩子","怎么做个好学生","自己事,自己做"……甚至有独立主题的书,内容好,其中也穿插色彩缤纷的图片、照片等。如能多采用这类教材,多让孩子阅读,或者看,或者说讲给他们听,成效更大。


《弟子规》有其存在价值

(2009-02-20)

● 黄添崃

  读了吴韦材的大作《背〈弟子规〉不如看〈大长今〉》(2月18日《联合早报·言论》),如鲠在喉,不吐不快。笔者无意卷入"各是其所是,各非其所非"的口水战中,只想尽量简短的分享自己学习《弟子规》的一点心得,供读者参考。

  2002年,因为想要教好刚满1周岁的女儿,开始参加居士林"耕心园"儿童读经班义务教学的工作,也是从那个时候开始才接触到《弟子规》。直到今年,刚好满7年了。对于这部经典,有些体会。

  首先,《弟子规》强调的是:实实在在的去"做",不是:信口开河的"说"。在"耕心园"里,义工老师都时常提醒孩子们,怎样才算是会读《弟子规》:"做到了才算是会读,没做到就是不会读"。

  所以,学习《弟子规》绝对不能停留在背诵的阶段。背诵之后,还要通过讲故事、角色扮演、分享心得(也可以包括观赏《大长今》等传达良好价值观的好影片。)等多种方式来帮助孩子们理解,然后师生们各自回到生活中去落实。

  《弟子规》内容共分为七个部分,前六个部分谈的都是"行",只有最后一部分才谈"知"。所以,凡是想要从《弟子规》中获得深奥道理的人,都注定是要失望的。凡是想要落实《弟子规》的人,也都知道《弟子规》是需要"活到老,学到老,学不了"的。

   明白了这点,我们就可以明白,《弟子规》并不只是用来教导年幼的孩子的,而是父母、老师终身学习的教材,言传身教的"剧本"。就如演戏要有剧本,弹琴要 有乐谱,做人也要有"谱"。《弟子规》就是"人谱"。所谓:"教儿教女,先教自己",父母口说一套,做的却是另外一套,孩子哪能信服,哪能学好《弟子 规》?要知道,只有孝顺,才能够教会孝顺;只有爱心,才能够教会爱心;只有信任,才能够教会信任。

  最后,想分享一点学习《弟子规》的真 实感受。回想2002年,我和太太都三十多岁了,才第一次接触到《弟子规》,弄明白了《弟子规》的内容后,我们不由得感叹说:如果我们能够在小时候就学习 《弟子规》,就能够避免很多错误,少走很多冤枉路了。奉劝反对《弟子规》的朋友们:先花三个月好好学习《弟子规》,才来发言。我想,这样的要求应该不算过 分。

  作者是中学高级教师


如何培养学生学习华语的兴趣

(2009-02-20)

● 田萌

  华文在新加坡的商业和生活中越来越重要。不光华族本身,就连很多他族国人也开始注重华文华语的学习。政府也逐年加大了对华文教育的财力 和人力投入。例如,每年的讲华语运动,引进更高水平的师资队伍,编写更好更生动的华文教材等。但是由于新加坡生活环境的特殊性,在一个以英文为第一交流语 言环境里,华语的学习还是面临着很大的挑战。在此,笔者想谈谈一些看法和心得。

  我认为,培养学生学习华语的兴趣极为重要。有实验证明,课堂教学在高兴、愉快的情绪中进行,学生当堂学习效果与一般情绪下的学习效果相比,能提高大约20%,反之,课堂教学在不高兴、低沉的情绪中进行,教学效果则下降35%。

   创设情境是培养兴趣的最有效手段。当教师在指导学生读书的过程中,结合学生的生活实际和理解能力把课文所表现的内容和情节通过语言描述、实物演示、音乐 渲染、表演描绘等手段直观地展示在学生面前时,就会使学生有一种身临其境的感觉,自然地产生和课文内容有关的联想和想象,激发出强烈的求知欲望。创设情境 还能帮助学生更准确地理解课文内容,从而更好地体会作者的思想感情。

  

利用多种辅助教材和手法

  面对不同 年龄的学生,需要用不同的方法来引导他们的学习兴趣。例如对于低年级的儿童,动画和童话故事对他们有很强的吸引力;而对高年级的青少年来说,明星、游戏以 及新生的事物往往会引起他们的共鸣。所以,对于不同年龄层次的学生来讲,了解他们感兴趣的方面,在华语教学中是不容忽视的一个部分,以此为切入点,会达到 事倍功半的教育效果。

  低年级的学生不喜欢一成不变地背诵课文及单字。因此,要了解学生感兴趣的东西。曾有报道说,贪玩的学生为了看懂日 产游戏的原版攻略,而自学日语直至能轻松读写的例子。因此,老师可通过一些华语的游戏与学生建立关系。然后运用图片或影片等多媒体方式,一边教授学生,一 边也学习他们的语言,再对比华文进行讲解。这样不但使学生认为和老师之间没有太多的隔阂,可以更加轻松地交流,也会让学生对所学的知识有了多方面的强化记 忆刺激,可以记得更牢。教师也可以提前准备好一些剪纸、华语歌曲光碟、风景名胜照片等特殊的教具,让孩子们在这样的华语文化氛围中学习,无疑能培养学生的 学习兴趣。利用多媒体教学也是一个不错的选择。使用这些辅助手段,可以激发学生的好奇心和求知欲望,增强课堂的趣味性。

  另外,可用精彩的表演,激活学生丰富的想像力,培养学生合作学习的兴趣。通过让学生参与表演课文内容,可以极大地调动学习极积性,小组与小组展开竞赛,唤起了学生积极向上的竞赛兴趣。这样,学生的个性在课堂上得到了充分的张扬,学生的潜能得到了充分的发挥。

  学以致用

  比如,我们在教学生认识单字的过程中,可以通过儿歌引导学生记住歌词,并对每首儿歌做到会说、会唱、会表演动作。同时,启发学生注意歌 词中每个字的字形特点和字与字之间的前后位置关系,这样学生就会很容易地认识生字。比如在教"祝"字时,可以先引导学生记住"祝你生日快乐"这句歌词,并 指导学生注意观察"祝"字的字形特点和"祝"字的位置是在"你"字之前,这样,孩子就会根据已记住的"祝你生日快乐"这句歌词,很容易地认出"祝"字。

   还有,就是以"学以致用"为指导原则,通过场景模拟和社会实践的方法来达到教学的目的。现在不少学生来自讲英语的家庭,他们只有在课堂上才会接触华文, 在其他场合少有开口讲华语。那么,老师可以像导演一样为学生设定生活场景,既可以请学生现场表演,也可以让学生以做家庭作业的形式,主动去寻找合适的语言 和句型。当老师在检查学生的作业时,就可以发现发音、语法、句型和词义的理解上的缺失,进而有针对性地进行专项教学。当学生发现自己的所学可以在生活中经 常用到,自然会有越来越多的兴趣自主学习了。

  当然,华文的内涵深厚广大,适时地进行哲学、心理、诗歌方面的介绍,也会对学生有很大益 处。归根究底,华语的学习既离不开常规的音、字、词、句,又要以多样方式来辅助调动,才能达到好的学习效果。如何培养学生学习华文的兴趣,是华文教师在教 学活动中值得大力探讨和研究的。这在教学中的具体途径甚多,就看我们如何去运用。我想在这方面是值得我们花大力气去思考、去探索的。

  

学习新加坡经验不能庸俗化

(2009-02-20)

● 陆建义

  客观地说,新加坡确实有很多经验值得中国学习。无论是新加坡的政治制度、政党建设,还是新加坡的招商引资、城市建设、社会管理等,都有很多独到的东西。他们的做法既不同于西方国家,也不同于东方国家,是独特的新加坡经验。

  如公积金制度、拥车证制度、组屋制度、医疗健保制度、裕廊工业区的整体招商等,都是新加坡所独有的,是新加坡人在借鉴他人经验基础上的创新。

   但是中国的国情和新加坡有很大的不同。新加坡是人口、地域小国;而中国是人口、地域大国。新加坡是城市国家,没有农村,只有一级政府;而中国城乡差别巨 大、东西部发展不平衡,行政工作层次多,十分复杂。这种国情上的巨大差距,使很多中国人觉得新加坡经验可看不可学。到新加坡一看热血沸腾,回到国内又觉得 无从下手。有些在新加坡行之有效的方法,拿到国内就变了样。这是很多地方学习新加坡经验的困惑之处。

  

实事求是与时俱进

  实际上,要把新加坡的经验照搬到中国是不可能的,也是很危险的。新加坡经验可以学习借鉴,但不能照搬照抄。应该说,学习创造了新加坡经验的新加坡精神,比学习新加坡经验本身来得更加重要。

  新加坡经验的实质是两条,一是实事求是,二是与时俱进,这是一切新加坡经验的源泉,是新加坡人的致胜法宝。有人可能说,实事求是和与时俱进,这太没新意了吧?可是很多事情就是这样,说到底有的道理并不复杂,关键是如何把这些道理落实在行动中。

  李光耀说过,"我是从这样的一个基本原则出发的:不要顾虑理论。所有令人感兴趣的理论都是有趣的,但它对新加坡是否有效?它对其他国家有效吗?仔细研究后,试试看,如果无效就尝试另一种制度,这是我们取得进步的方式。"

   新加坡的很多成功做法,并不是从一开始就成功的,不少做法都经过了一个不断调试、改进、完善的过程。并且根据情况变化,处在不断的改进和完善中。如新加 坡的拥车证制度,刚开始时政府对拥车证的数量控制很严,这保证了道路的通畅但拥车证价格很高,人们对过高的拥车证价格有意见。后来政策就作了适当调整,增 加了拥车证的供给数量,使更多的人能买得起车,但道路拥挤的问题又凸现出来。再后来,政府不得不增加对道路使用的收费,用更多的公路电子收费保持交通通 畅……新加坡经验并不是固有的,它是新加坡人在实践中的创造,并处在不断优化之中。在实践中,新加坡也有一些做法是失败的,只是他们能较好地从失败中吸取 教训,最终取得成功。不少来自中国的学习者过于注重新加坡的具体做法,以一种静态眼光看待新加坡经验,而忽略新加坡经验的实质,这是十分错误的。

学新加坡须有创新精神

  新加坡政府总能根据实际情况制订政策,并对政策进行不断检讨和改进。他们不受框框的约束,只要是行之有效的 政策,就会坚持;他们以一种国际眼光审视自己的政策,积极借鉴和吸收他国的经验,并使之新加坡化;他们以一种时代的、前瞻性的眼光检讨已有的政策,对那些 不适应于实际变化的政策及时进行改进,有时甚至是作出反向的调整。总之,新加坡经验是处于变化中的、发展中的。

  在学习新加坡经验时,新 加坡的一些具体做法固然值得学习借鉴,但更重要的是要学习新加坡经验的实质。新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长郑永年说:"制度性的东西跟产品不一样,不是一 双鞋,学着造就能造出来。"他认为向新加坡学习,一定要有自己的创新精神,而不应"流于模仿"。

  看到一期又一期中国官员的培训班走马灯 似地在新加坡举办,一个又一个来自中国的招商活动走马灯似地在新加坡进行,一批又一批中国的参观者走马灯似地在新加坡访问,我不禁感到疑问,中国人究竟在 以一种什么样的心态在向新加坡学习?学习新加坡经验一定要到新加坡来吗?如果把向新加坡学习仅仅理解为一种形式,只是到新加坡走一走,看一看;搞一哄而 上,一阵风;甚至只是借机到新加坡公费旅游一番,这样的学习未免太庸俗化了,就变了味,也决不可能收到实在的效果。学习新加坡经验决不能庸俗化,否则不仅 学不到新加坡的真经,也是对新加坡经验的亵渎。

  作者是中国湖北《孝感日报》副总编辑,2008年曾在南洋理工大学"中国市长班"学习一年


也谈中国的新加坡研究

(2009-02-20)

● 张仁美

  1月31日,早报言论发表了韩山元对中国学者研究新加坡的中肯评语。韩先生认为一些中国学者在研究新加坡发展经验时往往把新加坡塑造成正面教材,忽略了其不足和多面性。韩先生认为这种现象之所以产生是因为"中国人……照他们自己的需要来研究新加坡"。

  

政治考量

   笔者大致同意韩先生的观点,然而得指出韩先生所谓的研究新加坡的中国学者其实只是那些比较亲官方的学者。我们可以理解亲官方学者为一般上不处于官方系统 职位但身居国家事业单位的学者。由于他们的位置,很多时候,他们考虑的研究问题是以国家的角度来衡量的。因此,当借鉴他山之石时,这些学者也在考虑如何提 炼复杂的国外个案来附和国内政治的考量。

  在此同时,许多研究新加坡的亲官方学者也难跨出邓小平当年提倡向新加坡学习所设的研究范畴。如 新加坡东亚所黄朝翰教授的论文提及,当年邓小平向新加坡这弹丸小国取经有两个目的:一是学习岛国在恶劣的条件下是如何在环球化的资本主义系统里取得长期的 经济成长。二则是新加坡领袖是如何在高度经济发展和变化下保持中央政权。

  这两个考虑都与当时中国国内局势息息相关。无庸置疑,这两个课 题也继续困扰着今时今日的中国当局者。因此,出谋划策的也继续挖掘能适用于国内的新加坡经验。同时,打着金字招牌(拜中国国内早期成功为新加坡宣传和新加 坡不遗余力地向中国转移其经验所赐)的新加坡楷模,更是亲官方学者无往不利的教材,没有不好的,尽是解诀奇难杂症的灵丹妙药。

  

把新中研究推向新高峰

   其实对新加坡成功发展经验持不同看法的中国人大有人在。他们当中许多在海外留学工作过,甚至曾在新加坡待过,对新加坡有着真实深刻的体验。虽然他们感觉 新加坡用人唯贤,清廉有效的制度值得中国学习,但他们也明白新加坡的一套难在方方面面复杂的中国实行。他们也看到过去新加坡在特有历史条件下所创造出来的 有利因素随着经济大环境的变化而软化,并得进行改革。

 值得中国学习的新加坡经验应该是有目共睹的,多方面证实的研究。它不该是单方面的理解也不该是指定人士所营造的研究范围。这种研究流于浮面,样板化了新 加坡,很难掌握新加坡过去和未来发展的思路,其独特的际遇和其经验的适用性。有用于中国的新加坡教训不止应该是正面的也应当是质疑反思的。

  新加 坡现今的发展经验在某方面仍然对中国往后发展有帮助如国有企业金融改革。因此,能真正地了解新加坡模式将为两国带来有意义有实惠的交流。在促进这更深层次 的交流,身为我国主要研究中国的学术机构并作为中国学者研究新加坡的窗口,东亚所应当带头避开目前研究的误区,辟立研究的新方向。虽然此任务并非容易(它 面临了观念转变和资源重新评估的问题),但是东亚所应当展现其学术领导能力和远景,把新中研究推向另一个高峰。

  作者是教育工作者

谁能够告诉我

谁能够告诉我,康德之后,对于“美”的理解,在哲学领域的认识论有什么样的前进

谁能够告诉我,感性得很知性,应该怎样放在中国诗歌的领域中来理解


谁能够告诉我,修身若不是为了齐家治国平天下,有什么意义


谁能够告诉我,当时间轮转着笔直向前时,我是活着当下、过去还是未来


谁能够告诉我,
如果没有了上帝,除了“我”这个词之外,我是否存在

谁能够告诉我,不思考普世伦理,“空”是否成立,又是否可解


谁能够告诉我,我究竟要—谁— 告诉 —我 —什么—


2009年2月17日星期二

印度贫民窟:生命与希望的缩影

(此文刊登于上周日的《联合早报》“新声带”栏目。)

@ 陈炜雄

春节期间,大家都爱看贺岁片。同个时期,在不庆祝华人新年的印度,却有一部电影,还未在当地的戏院上映,就已占据了新闻、报章等媒体的大块版面,成为了舆论的热点。其轰动程度,与不久前在本地掀起一阵“土生热”的《小娘惹》相比,有过之而无不及。

这部由英国公司制作、全片在印度拍摄的电影,名为“Slumdog Millionaire”,中文可直译为《贫民窟狗崽百万富翁》。故事改编自同名小说,讲述一个出生在贫民窟的十八岁男孩,参加了印度版的“百万大赢家”游戏节目,正确答对了十二个问题,却在节目结束后被指控诈骗而被逮捕。没受过正规教育的“贫民窟狗崽”,如何能正确回答连医生、律师、教授都不一定能正确回答的问题?在警官回顾节目录像带,逐题盘问之下,男孩回忆了一段段的成长经历,解释自己如何由此懂得答案,最终成为名副其实的百万富翁。

当在友人的博客上读到关于电影在印度引起的反响时,我不禁回想起2007年到印度新德里的贫民窟义务教学的日子。当时,印象最深刻的,是一般市民对于贫民窟的漠视。就连高速天桥下那成群的流浪者,或是每个街口都会出现的小乞丐,也如同路上的牛、马、狗一样,只不过是混乱中的点缀,犹如无时无刻贴敷在肌肤上的细细尘埃。车辆还会给白牛让路,却不知每天有多少孩子一个“不小心”就因此丧命。但是,没有人会在乎。就如摆在家中的花瓶,开始时能掀起心头的激动,但久而久之,我们压根儿就看不见它。

此时,一部电影,却让一般的印度国民擦亮自己的眼睛,正视活在那堵社会隐形墙另一边的同胞,哪怕“流行”有其时效,贫富悬殊也并非一朝一夕能消解。

然而,这部电影最令人为之动容的,也许是它将贫民窟及生活在其中的人身上所具有的生命力表现得淋漓尽致。电影的画面,除了勾起身临其境的熟悉感,也让我想起当时在日记里写下的一段文字:不透气的小窗,见证黑暗第一道曙光 / 缝隙中的天堂,蔚蓝点缀着白色苍茫 / 野狗趴在沟渠旁,双眼依旧懒洋洋 / 苍蝇却已惊慌,带领世人迈向熙熙攘攘。

穿行在贫民窟中的羊肠小径,经过一家又一家,人有时是没有知觉的。直到听见婴儿的啼哭,或是站在一个上锁的小庙时,才会有稍稍的伤感。但身边突然跑过几个光着屁股的小孩,乌黑的肌肤在微弱的阳光中发亮;或是当学生在停电的仓库中,以圆溜溜的大眸子凝视快被汗水淹没的自己,露出对知识和学习的渴望时,生命的意义在哪里,希望又为何物,是顿然明了的事。

那一个月里,我听到了许多故事,见到了很多人。每一个贫民窟里的故事,都是一次冲击——有时令人雀跃、惊喜,但大部分时候都是揪心、惆怅的。随处可见的神像,守护着当地人,却也象征着保守势力的根深蒂固。孩子们每天都会弯下腰,以手触碰我的脚尖,然后亲吻自己的手,表示祝福与尊敬。但是,在一片嬉笑打闹之中,他们却总是不失自豪地带我参观他们的住所,不论八岁或是十八岁。问他们有什么梦,他们经常哑然;但是,问他们喜欢什么电影,得到的答案,必然是枪林弹雨或主角具有超能力的英雄片。也许,对他们而言,那就是梦的化身。

此刻,我在遥想,当我曾教导过的那些孩子,有机会观赏这部电影时,他们会有何感想?《贫民窟狗崽百万富翁》的主角,不再是“肌肉男”或超人,而是仿佛从他们当中走出来的一个男孩。与现实离得太近,是否会反而使电影显得虚假?或者,就如制片人和我们这些贫民窟之外的观众所期许的那样,孩子本有的希望与对生命的自信,能因主人公的成功而得以巩固?

(作者是香港大学硕士研究生。

2009年2月15日星期日

原来

原来真实的你
喜欢躲在煽情的文字里

原来畏惧接触的身体
都是你面具之下的逃避

原来

你在渴望的东西
就是期待我走入你的心

我们都是还未长大的蝼蚁
在世间的某个角落寻寻觅觅

你说,我每次的出现
都是你生命重心的一次冲击

可我
难道就已看清本真的自己

结果,除了
三月的花
六月的风
仲秋的月
年末的雪
世界,还剩下什么


也许,是还有的
就在那巴黎圣母院的钟楼里
一对紧紧拥抱彼此的骸骨:
一个,背上有座凸起的小山
另一个,曾是星星那般璀璨,那般纯洁。

Dream

For all that I could foresee, dream
Never too small, and none too big.
A little nation state, a minute individual
In a large world, equally perplexed.
A framework, that's what we need - a
perspective that puts us rightly where we see
who we imagine ourselves to be;
and political masters - Gods, as we call them
who in times of adversity, waves
a wand that casts magic
upon the dissident, the coffeeboy, the public servant, the banker
clown on the streets, entertaining
disgruntled families with empty pockets
but smiles put on, their faces lit
as the tune blasts the surreal skies of ruby
and a crescent made of ivory.
Majulah Singapura!

2009年2月14日星期六

To live in the Borderlands means you

@ By Gloria Anzaldua

To live in the Borderlands means you

are neither hispana india negra espanola

ni gabacha, eres mestiza, mulata, half-breed

caught in the crossfire between camps

while carrying all five races on your back

not knowing which side to turn to, run from;


To live in the Borderlands means knowing

that the india in you, betrayed for 5oo years,

is no longer speaking to you,

that mexicanas call you rajetas,

that denying the Anglo inside you

is as bad as having denied the Indian or Black;


Cuando vives en la frontera

people walk through you, the wind steals your voice,

you're a burra, buey, scapegoat,

forerunner of a new race,

half and half-both woman and man, neither -

a new gender;


To live in the Borderlands means

to put chile in the borscht,

eat whole wheat tortillas,

speak Tex-Mex with a Brooklyn accent;

be stopped by la migra at the border checkpoints;


Living in the Borderlands means you fight hard to

resist the gold elixir beckoning from the bottle,

the pull of the gun barrel,

the rope crushing the hollow of your throat;


In the Borderlands

you are the battleground

where enemies are kin to each other;

you are at home, a stranger,

the border disputes have been settled

the volley of shots have shattered the truce

you are wounded, lost in action

dead, fighting back;


To live in the Borderlands means

the mill with the razor white teeth wants to shred off

your olive-red skin, crush out the kernel, your heart

pound you pinch you roll you out

smelling like white bread but dead;


To survive the Borderlands

you must live sin fronteras

be a crossroads.


And just another wandering soul..

直到最近,我才明白这几年在外国给我带来什么。

飘浮久了,回过头来才发觉原来身边有着一大群被我忽略了的兄弟姐妹们。

小学的回忆,说实在的已经忘得七七八八了。许多的朋友们至今还有保持联系,已是值得庆幸的事。毕竟,有时我真觉得自己配不上他们,因为付出的实在太少……

中学的朋友,也只有几名是经常联系的。似乎,我也很少去维持什么关系,因为每个阶段的生命,总仿佛重新洗牌。虽然,有些朋友,再次见到了是不会尴尬的。

初院的同学,估计因为班级小,所以怎么说还是比较经常联系的。但忙起来的时候,也就一年见不上两面。

复旦的兄弟们,虽然彼此有种心照不宣的相互体认,但分道扬镳后,联系也难免少了。

友情,本看似无所谓烦恼,却发觉当心无限量地留下所有过客的影子,情感线却慢慢淡化,直到不再联络,以致造成陌生……

有时,站在友谊之灵前可以问心无愧,却不见得就能得到所有人的谅解。

但可能也有这样,才有可能割去人生太多的负担,踏上别人未敢走的路,义无反顾。

有些梦,也许只有付出孤单的代价才能换得。自怜,从来不在选择范围内,因为那只会叫自己显得懦弱。

也就这样沿着个体的路走下去,就慢慢地向往在发展中国家度过成年后的生活:印度、阿富汗、伊朗、非洲……也许,这是一个渺小灵魂试图找寻的大世界——一个属于他,亦属于一切心影的世界。

我,已厌恶那难以达意的文字。所以,决定用心灵和行动去消耗自己,直到那时不时隐隐作痛的心脏,顿然停息的一瞬间。

2009年2月12日星期四

Some quotes

Love is something eternal. The aspect may change. But not the essence. -- Vincent Van Gogh

When it comes to money, we are all of the same religion. --Voltaire

Man is born free. But everywhere he is in chains. --Rousseau

A friend should be a master at guessing and keeping still: you must not want to see everything. --Nietzche

Arrogance on the part of the meritorious is even more offensive to us than the arrogance of those without merit: for merit itself is offensive. --Nietzche

登山

岁初夕阳,披着冬末薄绸
泛出微笑,抹一幅腼腆轮廓
思恋,隐垂倦怠眼眸
喜气,皮毛轻抚寒过
近透竹林,远映山城
无痕微舟
海峡,尽是琼浆璧火

2009年2月6日星期五

From immigrants to self-exploration

The Singapore government is proposing a 'national integration council' to bridge the gaps between locals and foreign immigrants. Sometimes, I really think we need to reconsider our 'committees and panels' style of governance that is already becoming a 'naturalized mindset' most Singaporeans don't think too much of. In HK, the public and members of the LegCo often question the composition and effectiveness of consultation teams. In a case like integration of immigrants, one should wonder if a top-down approach is the best way forward.

One trick of the government, though, that I discovered recently is that it always tries to prevent stark dichotomies by shaping a third 'field' of identity - a centre that all parties have to move towards. However such a strategy tends to fail when the gravity of that centre is not strong enough, or when there are visible, immutable traits present in any one of these parties. In the case of immigration, the core - Singapore citizenship - is not strong as it is not well-defined and is plagued by accusations of economic pragmatism and instrumentality i.e. foreigners come because they want the money, and they will leave when the pot of gold is finished. At the same time, the local community has already developed some features that define us as 'local Singaporeans', including the Singaporean accent that is often hard to reverse. This sets up a mentality that can be expressed by Nietzsche term 'resentment' in his On the Genealogy of Morals. Resentment is conceptualized as 'the specific practice of identity displacement, in which the social actor consolidates his identity by a complete disavowal of the merits and existence of his social other'. So, one becomes 'good' by constructing the 'other' as evil. No matter how hard the government tries to highlight the necessity of immigrants so as to prevent a 'COMPLETE disavowal of the merits' of foreigners, some traits never change and so the foreigner, no matter how hard we try, will still appear as an opposing existence to us. And because some collective memories such as colonialism, backwardness of China and India etc has yet been totally erased from our genes, even within foreigners that we see collectively as 'the other', we tend to impose different stereotypical opinions and see foreigners in different light depending on their colors, nationalities and social classes.

Now, a 'pragmatic' Singapore may not talk about all these, but we all know these distinctions exist - we feel the undercurrents, and occasionally see waves. And come to think of it, 'pragmatism' itself as a national discourse is in fact an attempt to prevent us from conceptualizing and understanding all these underlying differences, isn't it
? It tries to stop 'cultural politics of differences' from arising, but while it's worked since Independence I wonder how much longer such a rhetorical stand can withstand the tides of globalization and call for self-expressions, particularly with P-65 politicians who are increasingly losing the tactfulness of the Old Guard. The thing is, all these issues will sooner or later surface with the resistance towards over-prominence of government rhetoric portrayed by the mainstream media, globalization as brought to us through the Internet, and increasing individualisation in which everybody strives to 'know oneself' so as to try to control every part of one's Being. Is this not the case with most of us today, regardless of whether we do have a conscious idea of the influences upon us? I have always been wary not to be fall into the fallacious traps of post-modernism and post-structuralism, and I acknowledge that there is much we can draw from past traditions and present practices. Nonetheless I just think that our mindset of escapism from facing up to all these issues has to be corrected. It is in us not to think deep into what the Western societies are going through, presumably because we have grown up in a web of discourses that make us believe that talking about all these issues is 'bad' and 'detrimental' to the functioning of society. But ideas are infiltrating into our society, and youths are catching on, so it is time we reacted as well. The present state of affairs please us, but if we see potential problems then we need to get to the root of things and try to formulate ways to pre-empt the sweeping degradation of social values. That is one thing I learnt from Chinese educated youths of the present and the past. At the end of the day, I still believe in governance by a core group of politicans, but it is only when we live as individuals with a sense of responsibility to the collective that we break free from Asian culture of suppression (of expression, of ideas, of the right to THINK freely) for control, but also do not end up like the ultra-individualist West.

2009年2月4日星期三

多一个月,樱花盛开的时节

你现在听到的第一首背景音乐,名为《Sakura》,也就是《樱花》。

在日本,以“樱花”命名的歌不少。这首,却特别感人,也特别美丽。且看歌词:

Surely we're waiting,
for the day we can see you again.
On the street lined with cherry blossom trees
We'll wave our hands and yell out.

Whenever we suffer or start to lose heart
We feel we can hang in there
because you're smiling.
We can hear the song from back then
from in those hazy scenes.

cherry blossoms
now in full bloom
scattered fleetingly
I know it's fate,
farewell my friend.
when it's time to leave on your journey,
with that unchanging feeling.
now...

I wonder if now we can say those words without pretense.
Words from the heart,
Words to hope for your bright future.
It's as if the bustling city is rushing us.

cherry blossoms
just floating to the ground
believing one day they'll be reborn
Don't cry my friend, It's a shame but it's time to go
with that unadorned smile...
ahh

cherry blossoms
now flying in the air
eternally rustling
awash in light
farewell my friend
let's meet again here.
on the street scattered with cherry blossoms.


(Japanese lyrics in romaji)

bokura ha kitto matteru
kimi to mata aeru hibi wo
sakura namiki no michi no ue de
te wo furi sakebu yo
donna ni kurushii toki mo
kimi ha waratteiru kara
kujikesou ni
narikakete mo
gambareru ki ga shita yo
kasumiyuku keshiki no naka ni
ano hi no uta ga kikoeru

sakura sakura
ima sakihokoru
setsuna ni chiriyuku
sadame to shitte
saraba tomo yo
tabidachi no toki
kawaranai sono omoi wo
ima

ima nara ieru darou ka
itsuwari no nai kotoba
kagayakeru kimi no mirai wo negau
hontou no kotoba
utsuriyuku machi ha maru de
bokura wo sekasu you ni

sakura sakura
tada maiochiru
itsuka umarekawaru
toki wo shinji
naku na tomo yo ima sekibetsu no toki
kazaranai ano egao de
saa

sakura sakura
iza maiagare
towa ni sanzameku
hikari wo abite
saraba tomo yo
mata kono basho de aou
sakura maichiru
michi no ue de


2009年2月1日星期日

小学教育检讨:仍需更多“家长教育”

自本世纪初,新加坡的教育生态就不断地出现转变。大大小小的制度检讨与改革,乘着“全球化”、“新世纪公民”等在世界范围具有主导性权力的话语巨浪,为本地教育注入新元素,并在许多方面注入新生机。每一波的改革,虽然在初期总难免面对来自不同方面的阻力,教师尤其是闻“改”色变,但事实是,当经济体制、文化样式、意识形态等方面在急速转变并相互渗透的时候,教育机构无可避免地必须进行相应的调整。

回顾过去八年的制度检讨,不难发现,改革的重心放在了中学以上的阶段,包括设立第四所大学、中学毕业后“殊途同归”的多元性出路、中学直通车课程等。小学与幼儿教育阶段,虽有废除分流、语文课程改革等举措,则迟迟未听闻体制上的检讨。也许,这具有策略性意义——先解决了离就业与择业最近的阶段,再回过头来放眼长远,“整肃”基础教育。当然,也可能如部长所指出的,目前的小学制度,根基扎实,无需大幅度的改变。

不论之前是无暇顾及小学教育,或是本着“放长线钓大鱼”的心思去慢慢“雕琢”21世纪的小学教育生态,本周公布的《小学教育检讨及执行委员会初步建议报告》,算是本地教育界的佳音,哪怕迟了些。其主要建议,涵盖了教学法、课堂评估与反馈、师资素质与专业提升、单班制度、硬件设施的增加等方面,强调个体的全面发展,重视“软技能”、价值观及“硬知识”的平衡。

作为一个教育学系的研究生,报告书的建议对我来说并不难消化,而且很明显地在试图与西方发达国家的基础教育进一步接轨、靠拢。然而,我真的很怀疑,有多少家长能够明白报告书的内容与教育部的用心?又有多少的小学教师有能力充当“代言人”,从孩子长远发展的角度,让家长信服于新制度?

对于任何的教育事业而言,家长都是不容忽视的支柱之一,也在相当的程度上掌握某种权力,有时甚至足以左右教育工作者的行为与决策。然而,家长也是最现实的。特别是在小学阶段,潜藏在许多家长脑后的观念也许始终是让孩子拼成绩,希望孩子在学业上有所长进。这是本地教育与社会制度长久以来所造就的心态,无可厚非,但如果不在这次检讨中与家长进行足够的沟通,就可能出现以下的局面:课堂上寓教于乐的教学法,在家长眼中或许是无关紧要的游戏;孩子偶尔没有功课,教师还会被投诉;强调“全人发展”的新计划,重视体育与美育,但家长为孩子找的补习班,频率不一定会减少,于是孩子疲惫不堪;低年段的质性评估,小学生不一定能向家长清楚解释其中的含义,家长也不一定有兴趣了解评价标准的细节。

我也许有“诽谤家长”之嫌,但我不认为《小孩不笨》中刻画的家长是社会的少数,更不信服于新时代会使那类家长成为“过去式”。《海峡时报》留言板上许多关于“下来,是时候改革补习中心了”的调侃式意见,是有几分真理的。制度变革最忌讳的,便是被家长、学生和教师视为多一些的工作和压力;而在这三方之中,家长经常是为另两方施压的共利益者(stakeholder)。特别是小学阶段,由于孩子还不被视为拥有自主权,因此家长所掌握的权力便更加的大。讽刺的是,《初步建议报告书》共五十八个段落,却只在中间不起眼的第三十二段,轻描淡写地提出“委员会相信家长是教育的关键共利益者,在小学教育中扮演特别重要的角色。为了达致所建议的举措,教育部应该与家长紧密合作,因为他们强有力的支持,将对实现全方位的小学教育,至关重要”(笔者译)。

不论最终的报告书是否对此冠冕堂皇的空洞建议有所补充,希望教育部能正视“家长教育”,协助教师与学校切实地增进与家长的沟通,减轻各方的担忧与负担。

(作者是香港大学硕士研究生。vocalxiong@gmail.com


And in vindication of my viewpoint, here's an article from today's Sunday Times:

Cheers and fears over move to scrap exams

Having no exams at P1 and P2 would make it hard for kids to cope later, say some parents
By Nur Dianah Suhaimi

You would think that parents would be happy with last week's news that a Ministry of Education committee has proposed to do away with exams at Primary 1 and Primary 2.
Not a good number of the 120 parents of young children surveyed in a Sunday Times poll.

Fifty-one parents wanted exams to be retained as they are concerned their children will not be able to cope with exams when they reach Primary 3.

And 65 of them felt that having tests throughout the year instead - as is being proposed - will cause more stress for their kids.

While most parents felt that English is an important subject which should be tested, 34 of them wanted their children to be examined in all three core subjects - English, Mathematics and Mother Tongue.

Others felt that children will become too complacent and will not be able to differentiate between small tests and major exams later.

The Primary Education Review and Implementation (Peri) Committee had felt that education at lower primary level should focus on building confidence and developing a love for learning which cannot be achieved with the current emphasis on formal exams.

Instead, it recommends 'bite-sized assessments' such as topical tests to provide parents with feedback on their children's learning.

The recommendation is not finalised. But once the Education Ministry gives the thumbs up, changes will be implemented over 10 years.

One parent, tutor Maslena Mohamad, 34, said without exams, children may become complacent about their studies even when they move on to upper primary later.

'It is good to get them used to exams from the start so that by the time they get to upper primary, they are used to preparing for major exams,' said Madam Maslena, whose son is in Primary 1 this year.

Housewife Angeline Wong, 40, is concerned that after two years of sitting for mini-tests, the children would treat major exams 'just as lightly'.

Mr Tan Sze Tong, 40, a regional director of a telecommunications company, said children may get a 'huge shock' in Primary 3 when they are suddenly faced with major exams.

Last year, Mr Tan wrote to The Straits Times Forum page to complain about how his seven-year-old Primary 1 daughter had to sit for six examinable subjects for her semestral assessment.

He said: 'It is such a drastic change - from too many exams to no exams at all. The ministry should take a more balanced approach and retain exams for core subjects like English, Maths and Mother Tongue.'

Another parent, engineer Michael Goh, 41, said it would be 'cruel' to reserve exams for later.

His son, now 10, used not to have any homework in his first three years in primary school. But now that he is in Primary 4, he is getting 'tons of homework' each day and cannot cope.

'Kids who suddenly have to sit for exams after two years of fun will be faced with the same problem,' he said.

While many applaud the effort the ministry is taking to make learning stress-free and fun for young kids, some felt that the committee should have gone all out in doing so.

Sales manager Rachel Yeo, 37, who has a seven-year-old son, said there is no point in scrapping exams at the lower level if education at the upper primary level still revolves around exams and grades.

Dr Brian Yeo, a consultant psychiatrist at Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, agrees.

'Parents are not so short-sighted. They know that their kids will still have to sit for the streaming and PSLE at the end of the day. Without exams at Primary 1 and 2, parents won't know how far they have to push their kids and may end up pushing them even more. It is like holding back a volcano,' he said.

Primary school teacher A. Tan, 35, worries that without exams, parents will find other ways to assess their children.

She said: 'I can already foresee them burying their children with past-year exam papers. For the new system to be effective, parents need to change their attitude first.'

ndianah@sph.com.sg